play with cpp_redis

Homebrew stuff is at https://github.com/bsergean/homebrew-IXWebSocket

.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+build

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+build

.travis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+language: cpp
+dist: xenial
+
+compiler:
+  - gcc
+  - clang
+os:
+  - linux
+  - osx
+
+matrix:
+  exclude:
+    # GCC fails on recent Travis OSX images.
+    - compiler: gcc
+      os: osx
+
+script: python test/run.py

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+#
+# Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+# Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+#
+
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)
+project(ixwebsocket C CXX)
+
+set (CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
+set (CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
+set (CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
+
+# -Wshorten-64-to-32 does not work with clang
+if (NOT WIN32)
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wall -Wextra -pedantic")
+endif()
+
+if ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" MATCHES "Clang")
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wshorten-64-to-32")
+endif()
+
+set( IXWEBSOCKET_SOURCES
+    ixwebsocket/IXSocket.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXSocketServer.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXSocketConnect.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXSocketFactory.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXDNSLookup.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXCancellationRequest.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocket.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketServer.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketTransport.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketHandshake.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflate.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateCodec.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketHttpHeaders.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXHttpClient.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXUrlParser.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterrupt.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterruptPipe.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterruptFactory.cpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXConnectionState.cpp
+)
+
+set( IXWEBSOCKET_HEADERS
+    ixwebsocket/IXSocket.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXSocketServer.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXSocketConnect.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXSocketFactory.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXSetThreadName.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXDNSLookup.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXCancellationRequest.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXProgressCallback.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocket.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketServer.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketTransport.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketHandshake.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketSendInfo.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketErrorInfo.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflate.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateCodec.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketHttpHeaders.h
+    ixwebsocket/libwshandshake.hpp
+    ixwebsocket/IXHttpClient.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXUrlParser.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterrupt.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterruptPipe.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterruptFactory.h
+    ixwebsocket/IXConnectionState.h
+)
+
+# Platform specific code
+if (APPLE)
+    list( APPEND IXWEBSOCKET_SOURCES ixwebsocket/apple/IXSetThreadName_apple.cpp)
+elseif (WIN32)
+    list( APPEND IXWEBSOCKET_SOURCES ixwebsocket/windows/IXSetThreadName_windows.cpp)
+else()
+    list( APPEND IXWEBSOCKET_SOURCES ixwebsocket/linux/IXSetThreadName_linux.cpp)
+    list( APPEND IXWEBSOCKET_SOURCES ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterruptEventFd.cpp)
+    list( APPEND IXWEBSOCKET_HEADERS ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterruptEventFd.h)
+endif()
+
+if (USE_TLS)
+    add_definitions(-DIXWEBSOCKET_USE_TLS)
+
+    if (APPLE)
+        list( APPEND IXWEBSOCKET_HEADERS ixwebsocket/IXSocketAppleSSL.h)
+        list( APPEND IXWEBSOCKET_SOURCES ixwebsocket/IXSocketAppleSSL.cpp)
+    elseif (WIN32)
+        list( APPEND IXWEBSOCKET_HEADERS ixwebsocket/IXSocketSChannel.h)
+        list( APPEND IXWEBSOCKET_SOURCES ixwebsocket/IXSocketSChannel.cpp)
+    else()
+        list( APPEND IXWEBSOCKET_HEADERS ixwebsocket/IXSocketOpenSSL.h)
+        list( APPEND IXWEBSOCKET_SOURCES ixwebsocket/IXSocketOpenSSL.cpp)
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+add_library( ixwebsocket STATIC
+    ${IXWEBSOCKET_SOURCES}
+    ${IXWEBSOCKET_HEADERS}
+)
+
+# gcc/Linux needs -pthread
+find_package(Threads)
+
+if(UNIX AND NOT APPLE)
+  find_package(OpenSSL REQUIRED)
+  add_definitions(${OPENSSL_DEFINITIONS})
+  message(STATUS "OpenSSL: " ${OPENSSL_VERSION})
+  include_directories(${OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR})
+endif()
+
+if (WIN32)
+  get_filename_component(libz_path
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/ZLIB-Windows/zlib-1.2.11_deploy_v140/release_dynamic/x64/lib/zlib.lib
+    ABSOLUTE)
+  add_library(libz STATIC IMPORTED)
+  set_target_properties(libz PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION
+    ${libz_path})
+
+  include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/ZLIB-Windows/zlib-1.2.11_deploy_v140/include)
+
+  target_link_libraries(ixwebsocket libz wsock32 ws2_32)
+  add_definitions(-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
+  
+else()
+  target_link_libraries(ixwebsocket 
+    z ${OPENSSL_LIBRARIES} ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+endif()
+
+set( IXWEBSOCKET_INCLUDE_DIRS
+    .
+    ../../shared/OpenSSL/include)
+target_include_directories( ixwebsocket PUBLIC ${IXWEBSOCKET_INCLUDE_DIRS} )
+
+add_subdirectory(ws)
+add_subdirectory(third_party/cpp_redis)

DOCKER_VERSION

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1.3.2

Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Dockerfile.dev

Dockerfile.dev

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+FROM debian:stretch
+
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive
+RUN apt-get update 
+RUN apt-get -y install g++ 
+RUN apt-get -y install libssl-dev
+RUN apt-get -y install gdb
+RUN apt-get -y install screen
+RUN apt-get -y install procps
+RUN apt-get -y install lsof
+RUN apt-get -y install libz-dev
+RUN apt-get -y install vim
+RUN apt-get -y install make
+RUN apt-get -y install cmake
+RUN apt-get -y install curl
+RUN apt-get -y install python
+RUN apt-get -y install netcat
+
+# debian strech cmake is too old for building with Docker
+COPY makefile .
+RUN ["make", "install_cmake_for_linux"]
+
+COPY . .
+
+ARG CMAKE_BIN_PATH=/tmp/cmake/cmake-3.14.0-rc4-Linux-x86_64/bin
+ENV PATH="${CMAKE_BIN_PATH}:${PATH}"
+
+# RUN ["make"]
+
+EXPOSE 8765
+CMD ["/ws/ws", "transfer", "--port", "8765", "--host", "0.0.0.0"]

Dockerfile.prod

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+FROM debian:buster
+
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive
+RUN apt-get update 
+
+RUN apt-get -y install g++ 
+RUN apt-get -y install libssl-dev
+RUN apt-get -y install libz-dev
+RUN apt-get -y install make
+
+RUN apt-get -y install wget 
+RUN mkdir -p /tmp/cmake
+WORKDIR /tmp/cmake
+RUN wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.14.0/cmake-3.14.0-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz 
+RUN tar zxf cmake-3.14.0-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz
+
+RUN adduser app 
+
+COPY . .
+
+ARG CMAKE_BIN_PATH=/tmp/cmake/cmake-3.14.0-Linux-x86_64/bin
+ENV PATH="${CMAKE_BIN_PATH}:${PATH}"
+
+RUN ["make"]
+
+# Now run in usermode
+USER app
+
+EXPOSE 8765
+CMD ["bash"]

README.md

@@ -1,25 +1,42 @@
 # General
 
+![Alt text](https://travis-ci.org/machinezone/IXWebSocket.svg?branch=master)
+
 ## Introduction
 
-[*WebSocket*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebSocket) is a computer communications protocol, providing full-duplex
+[*WebSocket*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebSocket) is a computer communications protocol, providing full-duplex and bi-directionnal communication channels over a single TCP connection. *IXWebSocket* is a C++ library for client and server Websocket communication, and for client HTTP communication. The code is derived from [easywsclient](https://github.com/dhbaird/easywsclient) and from the [Satori C SDK](https://github.com/satori-com/satori-rtm-sdk-c). It has been tested on the following platforms.
-communication channels over a single TCP connection. This library provides a C++ library for Websocket communication. The code is derived from [easywsclient](https://github.com/dhbaird/easywsclient).
+
+* macOS
+* iOS
+* Linux
+* Android
+
+The code was made to compile once on Windows but support is currently broken on this platform.
 
 ## Examples
 
-The examples folder countains a simple chat program, using a node.js broadcast server.
+The [*ws*](https://github.com/machinezone/IXWebSocket/tree/master/ws) folder countains many interactive programs for chat, [file transfers](https://github.com/machinezone/IXWebSocket/blob/master/ws/ws_send.cpp), [curl like](https://github.com/machinezone/IXWebSocket/blob/master/ws/ws_http_client.cpp) http clients, demonstrating client and server usage.
 
-Here is what the API looks like.
+Here is what the client API looks like.
 
 ```
 ix::WebSocket webSocket;
 
 std::string url("ws://localhost:8080/");
-webSocket.configure(url);
+webSocket.setUrl(url);
+
+// Optional heart beat, sent every 45 seconds when there is not any traffic
+// to make sure that load balancers do not kill an idle connection.
+webSocket.setHeartBeatPeriod(45);
 
 // Setup a callback to be fired when a message or an event (open, close, error) is received
 webSocket.setOnMessageCallback(
-    [](ix::WebSocketMessageType messageType, const std::string& str, ix::WebSocketErrorInfo error)
+    [](ix::WebSocketMessageType messageType,
+       const std::string& str,
+       size_t wireSize,
+       const ix::WebSocketErrorInfo& error,
+       const ix::WebSocketCloseInfo& closeInfo,
+       const ix::WebSocketHttpHeaders& headers)
     {
         if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Message)
         {
@@ -30,20 +47,166 @@ webSocket.setOnMessageCallback(
 // Now that our callback is setup, we can start our background thread and receive messages
 webSocket.start();
 
-// Send a message to the server
+// Send a message to the server (default to BINARY mode)
 webSocket.send("hello world");
 
+// The message can be sent in TEXT mode
+webSocket.sendText("hello again");
+
 // ... finally ...
 
 // Stop the connection
-webSocket:stop()
+webSocket.stop()
+```
+
+Here is what the server API looks like. Note that server support is very recent and subject to changes.
+
+```
+// Run a server on localhost at a given port.
+// Bound host name, max connections and listen backlog can also be passed in as parameters.
+ix::WebSocketServer server(port);
+
+server.setOnConnectionCallback(
+    [&server](std::shared_ptr<WebSocket> webSocket,
+              std::shared_ptr<ConnectionState> connectionState)
+    {
+        webSocket->setOnMessageCallback(
+            [webSocket, connectionState, &server](ix::WebSocketMessageType messageType,
+               const std::string& str,
+               size_t wireSize,
+               const ix::WebSocketErrorInfo& error,
+               const ix::WebSocketOpenInfo& openInfo,
+               const ix::WebSocketCloseInfo& closeInfo)
+            {
+                if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Open)
+                {
+                    std::cerr << "New connection" << std::endl;
+
+                    // A connection state object is available, and has a default id
+                    // You can subclass ConnectionState and pass an alternate factory
+                    // to override it. It is useful if you want to store custom
+                    // attributes per connection (authenticated bool flag, attributes, etc...)
+                    std::cerr << "id: " << connectionState->getId() << std::endl;
+
+                    // The uri the client did connect to.
+                    std::cerr << "Uri: " << openInfo.uri << std::endl;
+
+                    std::cerr << "Headers:" << std::endl;
+                    for (auto it : openInfo.headers)
+                    {
+                        std::cerr << it.first << ": " << it.second << std::endl;
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Message)
+                {
+                    // For an echo server, we just send back to the client whatever was received by the server
+                    // All connected clients are available in an std::set. See the broadcast cpp example.
+                    webSocket->send(str);
+                }
+            }
+        );
+    }
+);
+
+auto res = server.listen();
+if (!res.first)
+{
+    // Error handling
+    return 1;
+}
+
+// Run the server in the background. Server can be stoped by calling server.stop()
+server.start();
+
+// Block until server.stop() is called.
+server.wait();
+
+```
+
+Here is what the HTTP client API looks like. Note that HTTP client support is very recent and subject to changes.
+
+```
+//
+// Preparation
+//
+HttpClient httpClient;
+HttpRequestArgs args;
+
+// Custom headers can be set
+WebSocketHttpHeaders headers;
+headers["Foo"] = "bar";
+args.extraHeaders = headers;
+
+// Timeout options
+args.connectTimeout = connectTimeout;
+args.transferTimeout = transferTimeout;
+
+// Redirect options
+args.followRedirects = followRedirects;
+args.maxRedirects = maxRedirects;
+
+// Misc
+args.compress = compress; // Enable gzip compression
+args.verbose = verbose;
+args.logger = [](const std::string& msg)
+{
+    std::cout << msg;
+};
+
+//
+// Request
+//
+HttpResponse out;
+std::string url = "https://www.google.com";
+
+// HEAD request
+out = httpClient.head(url, args);
+
+// GET request
+out = httpClient.get(url, args);
+
+// POST request with parameters
+HttpParameters httpParameters;
+httpParameters["foo"] = "bar";
+out = httpClient.post(url, httpParameters, args);
+
+// POST request with a body
+out = httpClient.post(url, std::string("foo=bar"), args);
+
+//
+// Result
+//
+auto statusCode = std::get<0>(out);
+auto errorCode = std::get<1>(out);
+auto responseHeaders = std::get<2>(out);
+auto payload = std::get<3>(out);
+auto errorMsg = std::get<4>(out);
+auto uploadSize = std::get<5>(out);
+auto downloadSize = std::get<6>(out);
+```
+
+## Build
+
+CMakefiles for the library and the examples are available. This library has few dependencies, so it is possible to just add the source files into your project.
+
+There is a Dockerfile for running some code on Linux, and a unittest which can be executed by typing `make test`.
+
+You can build and install the ws command line tool with Homebrew.
+
+```
+brew tap bsergean/IXWebSocket
+brew install IXWebSocket
 ```
 
 ## Implementation details
 
+### Per Message Deflate compression.
+
+The per message deflate compression option is supported. It can lead to very nice bandbwith savings (20x !) if your messages are similar, which is often the case for example for chat applications. All features of the spec should be supported.
+
 ### TLS/SSL
 
-Connections can be optionally secured and encrypted with TLS/SSL when using a wss:// endpoint, or using normal un-encrypted socket with ws:// endpoints. AppleSSL is used on iOS and OpenSSL is used on Android.
+Connections can be optionally secured and encrypted with TLS/SSL when using a wss:// endpoint, or using normal un-encrypted socket with ws:// endpoints. AppleSSL is used on iOS and macOS, and OpenSSL is used on Android and Linux.
 
 ### Polling and background thread work
 
@@ -53,45 +216,56 @@ No manual polling to fetch data is required. Data is sent and received instantly
 
 If the remote end (server) breaks the connection, the code will try to perpetually reconnect, by using an exponential backoff strategy, capped at one retry every 10 seconds.
 
+### Large messages
+
+Large frames are broken up into smaller chunks or messages to avoid filling up the os tcp buffers, which is permitted thanks to WebSocket [fragmentation](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-5.4). Messages up to 1G were sent and received succesfully.
+
 ## Limitations
 
-* There is no per message compression support. That could be useful for retrieving large messages, but could also be implemented at the application level.
+* No utf-8 validation is made when sending TEXT message with sendText()
-* There is no text support for sending data, only the binary protocol is supported. Sending json or text over the binary protocol works well.
 * Automatic reconnection works at the TCP socket level, and will detect remote end disconnects. However, if the device/computer network become unreachable (by turning off wifi), it is quite hard to reliably and timely detect it at the socket level using `recv` and `send` error codes. [Here](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14782143/linux-socket-how-to-detect-disconnected-network-in-a-client-program) is a good discussion on the subject. This behavior is consistent with other runtimes such as node.js. One way to detect a disconnected device with low level C code is to do a name resolution with DNS but this can be expensive. Mobile devices have good and reliable API to do that.
-
+* The server code is using select to detect incoming data, and creates one OS thread per connection. This is not as scalable as strategies using epoll or kqueue.
-## Examples
-
-1. Bring up a terminal and jump to the examples folder.
-2. Compile the example C++ code. `sh build.sh`
-3. Install node.js from [here](https://nodejs.org/en/download/).
-4. Type `npm install` to install the node.js dependencies. Then `node broadcast-server.js` to run the server.
-5. Bring up a second terminal. `env USER=bob ./cmd_websocket_chat`
-6. Bring up a third terminal. `env USER=bill ./cmd_websocket_chat`
-7. Start typing things in any of those terminals. Hopefully you should see your message being received on the other end.
 
 ## C++ code organization
 
-Here's a simplistic diagram which explains how the code is structured in term of class/modules.
+Here is a simplistic diagram which explains how the code is structured in term of class/modules.
 
 ```
-+-----------------------+
++-----------------------+ --- Public
 |                       | Start the receiving Background thread. Auto reconnection. Simple websocket Ping.
 |  IXWebSocket          | Interface used by C++ test clients. No IX dependencies.
 |                       |
 +-----------------------+
 |                       |
+|  IXWebSocketServer    | Run a server and give each connections its own WebSocket object.
+|                       | Each connection is handled in a new OS thread.
+|                       |
++-----------------------+ --- Private
+|                       |
 |  IXWebSocketTransport | Low level websocket code, framing, managing raw socket. Adapted from easywsclient.
 |                       |
 +-----------------------+
 |                       |
+|  IXWebSocketHandshake | Establish the connection between client and server.
+|                       |
++-----------------------+
+|                       |
 |  IXWebSocket          | ws://  Unencrypted Socket handler
 |  IXWebSocketAppleSSL  | wss:// TLS encrypted Socket AppleSSL handler. Used on iOS and macOS
 |  IXWebSocketOpenSSL   | wss:// TLS encrypted Socket OpenSSL handler.  Used on Android and Linux
 |                       |                                               Can be used on macOS too.
 +-----------------------+
+|                       |
+|  IXSocketConnect      | Connect to the remote host (client).
+|                       |
++-----------------------+
+|                       |
+|  IXDNSLookup          | Does DNS resolution asynchronously so that it can be interrupted.
+|                       |
++-----------------------+
 ```
 
-## Advanced usage
+## API
 
 ### Sending messages
 
@@ -106,7 +280,7 @@ If the connection was closed and sending failed, the return value will be set to
 1. WebSocket_ReadyState_Connecting - The connection is not yet open.
 2. WebSocket_ReadyState_Open       - The connection is open and ready to communicate.
 3. WebSocket_ReadyState_Closing    - The connection is in the process of closing.
-4. WebSocket_MessageType_Close     - The connection is closed or couldn't be opened.
+4. WebSocket_MessageType_Close     - The connection is closed or could not be opened.
 
 ### Open and Close notifications
 
@@ -114,15 +288,32 @@ The onMessage event will be fired when the connection is opened or closed. This
 
 ```
 webSocket.setOnMessageCallback(
-    [this](ix::WebSocketMessageType messageType, const std::string& str, ix::WebSocketErrorInfo error)
+    [](ix::WebSocketMessageType messageType,
+       const std::string& str,
+       size_t wireSize,
+       const ix::WebSocketErrorInfo& error,
+       const ix::WebSocketCloseInfo& closeInfo,
+       const ix::WebSocketHttpHeaders& headers)
     {
         if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Open)
         {
-            puts("send greetings");
+            std::cout << "send greetings" << std::endl;
+
+            // Headers can be inspected (pairs of string/string)
+            std::cout << "Handshake Headers:" << std::endl;
+            for (auto it : headers)
+            {
+                std::cout << it.first << ": " << it.second << std::endl;
+            }
         }
         else if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Close)
         {
-            puts("disconnected");
+            std::cout << "disconnected" << std::endl;
+
+            // The server can send an explicit code and reason for closing.
+            // This data can be accessed through the closeInfo object.
+            std::cout << closeInfo.code << std::endl;
+            std::cout << closeInfo.reason << std::endl;
         }
     }
 );
@@ -134,7 +325,12 @@ A message will be fired when there is an error with the connection. The message
 
 ```
 webSocket.setOnMessageCallback(
-    [this](ix::WebSocketMessageType messageType, const std::string& str, ix::WebSocketErrorInfo error)
+    [](ix::WebSocketMessageType messageType,
+       const std::string& str,
+       size_t wireSize,
+       const ix::WebSocketErrorInfo& error,
+       const ix::WebSocketCloseInfo& closeInfo,
+       const ix::WebSocketHttpHeaders& headers)
     {
         if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Error)
         {
@@ -162,3 +358,41 @@ The url can be set and queried after a websocket object has been created. You wi
 std::string url("wss://example.com");
 websocket.configure(url);
 ```
+
+### Ping/Pong support
+
+Ping/pong messages are used to implement keep-alive. 2 message types exists to identify ping and pong messages. Note that when a ping message is received, a pong is instantly send back as requested by the WebSocket spec.
+
+```
+webSocket.setOnMessageCallback(
+    [](ix::WebSocketMessageType messageType,
+       const std::string& str,
+       size_t wireSize,
+       const ix::WebSocketErrorInfo& error,
+       const ix::WebSocketCloseInfo& closeInfo,
+       const ix::WebSocketHttpHeaders& headers)
+    {
+        if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Ping ||
+            messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Pong)
+        {
+            std::cout << "pong data: " << str << std::endl;
+        }
+    }
+);
+```
+
+A ping message can be sent to the server, with an optional data string.
+
+```
+websocket.ping("ping data, optional (empty string is ok): limited to 125 bytes long");
+```
+
+### Heartbeat.
+
+You can configure an optional heart beat / keep-alive, sent every 45 seconds
+when there is no any traffic to make sure that load balancers do not kill an
+idle connection.
+
+```
+webSocket.setHeartBeatPeriod(45);
+```

appveyor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+image:
+- Visual Studio 2017
+- Ubuntu
+
+install:
+- ls -al
+- cmd: call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
+- python test/run.py
+
+build: off

doc/redis_conf_2019/makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+all:
+	(cd .. ; make docker && make docker_push)

docker-compose.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+version: "3"
+services:
+  ws:
+    stdin_open: true
+    tty: true
+    image: bsergean/ws:build
+    ports:
+      - "8765:8765"
+    entrypoint: bash
+    networks:
+      - ws-net
+    depends_on:
+      - redis1
+
+  redis1:
+    image: redis:alpine
+    networks:
+      - ws-net
+
+networks:
+  ws-net:

examples/build.sh

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Author: Benjamin Sergeant
-# Copyright (c) 2017-2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
-#
-
-clang++ --std=c++11 --stdlib=libc++ \
-    ../ixwebsocket/IXSocket.cpp	\
-    ../ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketTransport.cpp \
-    ../ixwebsocket/IXSocketAppleSSL.cpp	\
-    ../ixwebsocket/IXWebSocket.cpp \
-    cmd_websocket_chat.cpp \
-    -o cmd_websocket_chat \
-    -framework Security \
-    -framework Foundation

examples/package.json

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "dependencies": {
-    "msgpack-js": "^0.3.0",
-    "ws": "^3.1.0"
-  }
-}

ixwebsocket/IXCancellationRequest.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ *  IXCancellationRequest.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "IXCancellationRequest.h"
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    CancellationRequest makeCancellationRequestWithTimeout(int secs,
+                                                           std::atomic<bool>& requestInitCancellation)
+    {
+        auto start = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+        auto timeout = std::chrono::seconds(secs);
+
+        auto isCancellationRequested = [&requestInitCancellation, start, timeout]() -> bool
+        {
+            // Was an explicit cancellation requested ?
+            if (requestInitCancellation) return true;
+
+            auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+            if ((now - start) > timeout) return true;
+
+            // No cancellation request
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        return isCancellationRequested;
+    }
+}

ixwebsocket/IXCancellationRequest.h

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ *  IXCancellationRequest.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <atomic>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    using CancellationRequest = std::function<bool()>;
+
+    CancellationRequest makeCancellationRequestWithTimeout(int seconds,
+                                                           std::atomic<bool>& requestInitCancellation);
+}
+

ixwebsocket/IXConnectionState.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ *  IXConnectionState.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "IXConnectionState.h"
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    std::atomic<uint64_t> ConnectionState::_globalId(0);
+
+    ConnectionState::ConnectionState()
+    {
+        computeId();
+    }
+
+    void ConnectionState::computeId()
+    {
+        _id = std::to_string(_globalId++);
+    }
+
+    const std::string& ConnectionState::getId() const
+    {
+        return _id;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<ConnectionState> ConnectionState::createConnectionState()
+    {
+        return std::make_shared<ConnectionState>();
+    }
+}
+

ixwebsocket/IXConnectionState.h

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ *  IXConnectionState.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    class ConnectionState {
+    public:
+        ConnectionState();
+        virtual ~ConnectionState() = default;
+
+        virtual void computeId();
+        virtual const std::string& getId() const;
+
+        static std::shared_ptr<ConnectionState> createConnectionState();
+
+    protected:
+        std::string _id;
+
+        static std::atomic<uint64_t> _globalId;
+    };
+}
+
+

ixwebsocket/IXDNSLookup.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+/*
+ *  IXDNSLookup.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "IXDNSLookup.h"
+#include "IXNetSystem.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <chrono>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    const int64_t DNSLookup::kDefaultWait = 10; // ms
+
+    std::atomic<uint64_t> DNSLookup::_nextId(0);
+    std::set<uint64_t> DNSLookup::_activeJobs;
+    std::mutex DNSLookup::_activeJobsMutex;
+
+    DNSLookup::DNSLookup(const std::string& hostname, int port, int64_t wait) :
+        _hostname(hostname),
+        _port(port),
+        _wait(wait),
+        _res(nullptr),
+        _done(false),
+        _id(_nextId++)
+    {
+
+    }
+
+    DNSLookup::~DNSLookup()
+    {
+        // Remove this job from the active jobs list
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(_activeJobsMutex);
+        _activeJobs.erase(_id);
+    }
+
+    struct addrinfo* DNSLookup::getAddrInfo(const std::string& hostname,
+                                            int port,
+                                            std::string& errMsg)
+    {
+        struct addrinfo hints;
+        memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
+        hints.ai_flags = AI_ADDRCONFIG | AI_NUMERICSERV;
+        hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
+        hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
+
+        std::string sport = std::to_string(port);
+
+        struct addrinfo* res;
+        int getaddrinfo_result = getaddrinfo(hostname.c_str(), sport.c_str(),
+                                             &hints, &res);
+        if (getaddrinfo_result)
+        {
+            errMsg = gai_strerror(getaddrinfo_result);
+            res = nullptr;
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    struct addrinfo* DNSLookup::resolve(std::string& errMsg,
+                                        const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested,
+                                        bool blocking)
+    {
+        return blocking ? resolveBlocking(errMsg, isCancellationRequested)
+                        : resolveAsync(errMsg, isCancellationRequested);
+    }
+
+    struct addrinfo* DNSLookup::resolveBlocking(std::string& errMsg,
+                                                const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested)
+    {
+        errMsg = "no error";
+
+        // Maybe a cancellation request got in before the background thread terminated ?
+        if (isCancellationRequested && isCancellationRequested())
+        {
+            errMsg = "cancellation requested";
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        return getAddrInfo(_hostname, _port, errMsg);
+    }
+
+    struct addrinfo* DNSLookup::resolveAsync(std::string& errMsg,
+                                             const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested)
+    {
+        errMsg = "no error";
+
+        // Can only be called once, otherwise we would have to manage a pool
+        // of background thread which is overkill for our usage.
+        if (_done)
+        {
+            return nullptr; // programming error, create a second DNSLookup instance
+                            // if you need a second lookup.
+        }
+
+        // Record job in the active Job set
+        {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(_activeJobsMutex);
+            _activeJobs.insert(_id);
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Good resource on thread forced termination
+        // https://www.bo-yang.net/2017/11/19/cpp-kill-detached-thread
+        //
+        _thread = std::thread(&DNSLookup::run, this, _id, _hostname, _port);
+        _thread.detach();
+
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(_conditionVariableMutex);
+
+        while (!_done)
+        {
+            // Wait for 10 milliseconds on the condition variable, to see
+            // if the bg thread has terminated.
+            if (_condition.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::milliseconds(_wait)) == std::cv_status::no_timeout)
+            {
+                // Background thread has terminated, so we can break of this loop
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Were we cancelled ?
+            if (isCancellationRequested && isCancellationRequested())
+            {
+                errMsg = "cancellation requested";
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Maybe a cancellation request got in before the bg terminated ?
+        if (isCancellationRequested && isCancellationRequested())
+        {
+            errMsg = "cancellation requested";
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        return _res;
+    }
+
+    void DNSLookup::run(uint64_t id, const std::string& hostname, int port) // thread runner
+    {
+        // We don't want to read or write into members variables of an object that could be
+        // gone, so we use temporary variables (res) or we pass in by copy everything that
+        // getAddrInfo needs to work.
+        std::string errMsg;
+        struct addrinfo* res = getAddrInfo(hostname, port, errMsg);
+
+        // if this isn't an active job, and the control thread is gone
+        // there is not thing to do, and we don't want to touch the defunct
+        // object data structure such as _errMsg or _condition
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(_activeJobsMutex);
+        if (_activeJobs.count(id) == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Copy result into the member variables
+        _res = res;
+        _errMsg = errMsg;
+        _condition.notify_one();
+        _done = true;
+    }
+}

ixwebsocket/IXDNSLookup.h

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ *  IXDNSLookup.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  Resolve a hostname+port to a struct addrinfo obtained with getaddrinfo
+ *  Does this in a background thread so that it can be cancelled, since
+ *  getaddrinfo is a blocking call, and we don't want to block the main thread on Mobile.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "IXCancellationRequest.h"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <set>
+
+struct addrinfo;
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    class DNSLookup {
+    public:
+        DNSLookup(const std::string& hostname,
+                  int port,
+                  int64_t wait = DNSLookup::kDefaultWait);
+        ~DNSLookup();
+
+        struct addrinfo* resolve(std::string& errMsg,
+                                 const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested,
+                                 bool blocking = false);
+
+    private:
+        struct addrinfo* resolveAsync(std::string& errMsg,
+                                      const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested);
+        struct addrinfo* resolveBlocking(std::string& errMsg,
+                                         const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested);
+
+        static struct addrinfo* getAddrInfo(const std::string& hostname,
+                                            int port,
+                                            std::string& errMsg);
+
+        void run(uint64_t id, const std::string& hostname, int port); // thread runner
+
+        std::string _hostname;
+        int _port;
+        int64_t _wait;
+        std::string _errMsg;
+        struct addrinfo* _res;
+
+        std::atomic<bool> _done;
+        std::thread _thread;
+        std::condition_variable _condition;
+        std::mutex _conditionVariableMutex;
+
+        uint64_t _id;
+        static std::atomic<uint64_t> _nextId;
+        static std::set<uint64_t> _activeJobs;
+        static std::mutex _activeJobsMutex;
+
+        const static int64_t kDefaultWait;
+    };
+}

ixwebsocket/IXHttpClient.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+/*
+ *  IXHttpClient.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "IXHttpClient.h"
+#include "IXUrlParser.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketHttpHeaders.h"
+#include "IXSocketFactory.h"
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <vector>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <zlib.h>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    const std::string HttpClient::kPost = "POST";
+    const std::string HttpClient::kGet = "GET";
+    const std::string HttpClient::kHead = "HEAD";
+
+    HttpClient::HttpClient()
+    {
+
+    }
+
+    HttpClient::~HttpClient()
+    {
+
+    }
+
+    HttpResponse HttpClient::request(
+        const std::string& url,
+        const std::string& verb,
+        const std::string& body,
+        const HttpRequestArgs& args,
+        int redirects)
+    {
+        uint64_t uploadSize = 0;
+        uint64_t downloadSize = 0;
+        int code = 0;
+        WebSocketHttpHeaders headers;
+        std::string payload;
+
+        std::string protocol, host, path, query;
+        int port;
+        bool websocket = false;
+
+        if (!UrlParser::parse(url, protocol, host, path, query, port, websocket))
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "Cannot parse url: " << url;
+            return std::make_tuple(code, HttpErrorCode_UrlMalformed,
+                                   headers, payload, ss.str(),
+                                   uploadSize, downloadSize);
+        }
+
+        bool tls = protocol == "https";
+        std::string errorMsg;
+        _socket = createSocket(tls, errorMsg);
+
+        if (!_socket)
+        {
+            return std::make_tuple(code, HttpErrorCode_CannotCreateSocket,
+                                   headers, payload, errorMsg,
+                                   uploadSize, downloadSize);
+        }
+
+        // Build request string
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << verb << " " << path << " HTTP/1.1\r\n";
+        ss << "Host: " << host << "\r\n";
+        ss << "User-Agent: ixwebsocket/1.0.0" << "\r\n";
+        ss << "Accept: */*" << "\r\n";
+
+        if (args.compress)
+        {
+            ss << "Accept-Encoding: gzip" << "\r\n";
+        }
+
+        // Append extra headers
+        for (auto&& it : args.extraHeaders)
+        {
+            ss << it.first << ": " << it.second << "\r\n";
+        }
+
+        if (verb == kPost)
+        {
+            ss << "Content-Length: " << body.size() << "\r\n";
+
+            // Set default Content-Type if unspecified
+            if (args.extraHeaders.find("Content-Type") == args.extraHeaders.end())
+            {
+                ss << "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" << "\r\n";
+            }
+            ss << "\r\n";
+            ss << body;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ss << "\r\n";
+        }
+
+        std::string req(ss.str());
+        std::string errMsg;
+        std::atomic<bool> requestInitCancellation(false);
+
+        // Make a cancellation object dealing with connection timeout
+        auto isCancellationRequested =
+            makeCancellationRequestWithTimeout(args.connectTimeout, requestInitCancellation);
+
+        bool success = _socket->connect(host, port, errMsg, isCancellationRequested);
+        if (!success)
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "Cannot connect to url: " << url;
+            return std::make_tuple(code, HttpErrorCode_CannotConnect,
+                                   headers, payload, ss.str(),
+                                   uploadSize, downloadSize);
+        }
+
+        // Make a new cancellation object dealing with transfer timeout
+        isCancellationRequested =
+            makeCancellationRequestWithTimeout(args.transferTimeout, requestInitCancellation);
+
+        if (args.verbose)
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "Sending " << verb << " request "
+               << "to " << host << ":" << port << std::endl
+               << "request size: " << req.size() << " bytes" << std::endl
+               << "=============" << std::endl
+               << req
+               << "=============" << std::endl
+               << std::endl;
+
+            log(ss.str(), args);
+        }
+
+        if (!_socket->writeBytes(req, isCancellationRequested))
+        {
+            std::string errorMsg("Cannot send request");
+            return std::make_tuple(code, HttpErrorCode_SendError,
+                                   headers, payload, errorMsg,
+                                   uploadSize, downloadSize);
+        }
+
+        uploadSize = req.size();
+
+        auto lineResult = _socket->readLine(isCancellationRequested);
+        auto lineValid = lineResult.first;
+        auto line = lineResult.second;
+
+        if (!lineValid)
+        {
+            std::string errorMsg("Cannot retrieve status line");
+            return std::make_tuple(code, HttpErrorCode_CannotReadStatusLine,
+                                   headers, payload, errorMsg,
+                                   uploadSize, downloadSize);
+        }
+
+        if (args.verbose)
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "Status line " << line;
+            log(ss.str(), args);
+        }
+
+        if (sscanf(line.c_str(), "HTTP/1.1 %d", &code) != 1)
+        {
+            std::string errorMsg("Cannot parse response code from status line");
+            return std::make_tuple(code, HttpErrorCode_MissingStatus,
+                                   headers, payload, errorMsg,
+                                   uploadSize, downloadSize);
+        }
+
+        auto result = parseHttpHeaders(_socket, isCancellationRequested);
+        auto headersValid = result.first;
+        headers = result.second;
+
+        if (!headersValid)
+        {
+            std::string errorMsg("Cannot parse http headers");
+            return std::make_tuple(code, HttpErrorCode_HeaderParsingError,
+                                   headers, payload, errorMsg,
+                                   uploadSize, downloadSize);
+        }
+
+        // Redirect ?
+        if ((code >= 301 && code <= 308) && args.followRedirects)
+        {
+            if (headers.find("Location") == headers.end())
+            {
+                std::string errorMsg("Missing location header for redirect");
+                return std::make_tuple(code, HttpErrorCode_MissingLocation,
+                                       headers, payload, errorMsg,
+                                       uploadSize, downloadSize);
+            }
+
+            if (redirects >= args.maxRedirects)
+            {
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                ss << "Too many redirects: " << redirects;
+                return std::make_tuple(code, HttpErrorCode_TooManyRedirects,
+                                       headers, payload, ss.str(),
+                                       uploadSize, downloadSize);
+            }
+
+            // Recurse
+            std::string location = headers["Location"];
+            return request(location, verb, body, args, redirects+1);
+        }
+
+        if (verb == "HEAD")
+        {
+            return std::make_tuple(code, HttpErrorCode_Ok,
+                                   headers, payload, std::string(),
+                                   uploadSize, downloadSize);
+        }
+
+        // Parse response:
+        if (headers.find("Content-Length") != headers.end())
+        {
+            ssize_t contentLength = -1;
+            ss.str("");
+            ss << headers["Content-Length"];
+            ss >> contentLength;
+
+            payload.reserve(contentLength);
+
+            auto chunkResult = _socket->readBytes(contentLength,
+                                                  args.onProgressCallback,
+                                                  isCancellationRequested);
+            if (!chunkResult.first)
+            {
+                errorMsg = "Cannot read chunk";
+                return std::make_tuple(code, HttpErrorCode_ChunkReadError,
+                                       headers, payload, errorMsg,
+                                       uploadSize, downloadSize);
+            }
+            payload += chunkResult.second;
+        }
+        else if (headers.find("Transfer-Encoding") != headers.end() &&
+                 headers["Transfer-Encoding"] == "chunked")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+
+            while (true)
+            {
+                lineResult = _socket->readLine(isCancellationRequested);
+                line = lineResult.second;
+
+                if (!lineResult.first)
+                {
+                    return std::make_tuple(code, HttpErrorCode_ChunkReadError,
+                                           headers, payload, errorMsg,
+                                           uploadSize, downloadSize);
+                }
+
+                uint64_t chunkSize;
+                ss.str("");
+                ss << std::hex << line;
+                ss >> chunkSize;
+
+                if (args.verbose)
+                {
+                    std::stringstream oss;
+                    oss << "Reading " << chunkSize << " bytes"
+                        << std::endl;
+                    log(oss.str(), args);
+                }
+
+                payload.reserve(payload.size() + chunkSize);
+
+                // Read a chunk
+                auto chunkResult = _socket->readBytes(chunkSize,
+                                                      args.onProgressCallback,
+                                                      isCancellationRequested);
+                if (!chunkResult.first)
+                {
+                    errorMsg = "Cannot read chunk";
+                    return std::make_tuple(code, HttpErrorCode_ChunkReadError,
+                                           headers, payload, errorMsg,
+                                           uploadSize, downloadSize);
+                }
+                payload += chunkResult.second;
+
+                // Read the line that terminates the chunk (\r\n)
+                lineResult = _socket->readLine(isCancellationRequested);
+
+                if (!lineResult.first)
+                {
+                    return std::make_tuple(code, HttpErrorCode_ChunkReadError,
+                                           headers, payload, errorMsg,
+                                           uploadSize, downloadSize);
+                }
+
+                if (chunkSize == 0) break;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (code == 204)
+        {
+            ; // 204 is NoContent response code
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            std::string errorMsg("Cannot read http body");
+            return std::make_tuple(code, HttpErrorCode_CannotReadBody,
+                                   headers, payload, errorMsg,
+                                   uploadSize, downloadSize);
+        }
+
+        downloadSize = payload.size();
+
+        // If the content was compressed with gzip, decode it
+        if (headers["Content-Encoding"] == "gzip")
+        {
+            std::string decompressedPayload;
+            if (!gzipInflate(payload, decompressedPayload))
+            {
+                std::string errorMsg("Error decompressing payload");
+                return std::make_tuple(code, HttpErrorCode_Gzip,
+                                       headers, payload, errorMsg,
+                                       uploadSize, downloadSize);
+            }
+            payload = decompressedPayload;
+        }
+
+        return std::make_tuple(code, HttpErrorCode_Ok,
+                               headers, payload, std::string(),
+                               uploadSize, downloadSize);
+    }
+
+    HttpResponse HttpClient::get(const std::string& url,
+                                 const HttpRequestArgs& args)
+    {
+        return request(url, kGet, std::string(), args);
+    }
+
+    HttpResponse HttpClient::head(const std::string& url,
+                                  const HttpRequestArgs& args)
+    {
+        return request(url, kHead, std::string(), args);
+    }
+
+    HttpResponse HttpClient::post(const std::string& url,
+                                  const HttpParameters& httpParameters,
+                                  const HttpRequestArgs& args)
+    {
+        return request(url, kPost, serializeHttpParameters(httpParameters), args);
+    }
+
+    HttpResponse HttpClient::post(const std::string& url,
+                                  const std::string& body,
+                                  const HttpRequestArgs& args)
+    {
+        return request(url, kPost, body, args);
+    }
+
+    std::string HttpClient::urlEncode(const std::string& value)
+    {
+        std::ostringstream escaped;
+        escaped.fill('0');
+        escaped << std::hex;
+
+        for (std::string::const_iterator i = value.begin(), n = value.end();
+             i != n; ++i)
+        {
+            std::string::value_type c = (*i);
+
+            // Keep alphanumeric and other accepted characters intact
+            if (isalnum(c) || c == '-' || c == '_' || c == '.' || c == '~')
+            {
+                escaped << c;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Any other characters are percent-encoded
+            escaped << std::uppercase;
+            escaped << '%' << std::setw(2) << int((unsigned char) c);
+            escaped << std::nouppercase;
+        }
+
+        return escaped.str();
+    }
+
+    std::string HttpClient::serializeHttpParameters(const HttpParameters& httpParameters)
+    {
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        size_t count = httpParameters.size();
+        size_t i = 0;
+
+        for (auto&& it : httpParameters)
+        {
+            ss << urlEncode(it.first)
+               << "="
+               << urlEncode(it.second);
+
+            if (i++ < (count-1))
+            {
+               ss << "&";
+            }
+        }
+        return ss.str();
+    }
+
+    bool HttpClient::gzipInflate(
+        const std::string& in,
+        std::string& out)
+    {
+        z_stream inflateState;
+        std::memset(&inflateState, 0, sizeof(inflateState));
+
+        inflateState.zalloc = Z_NULL;
+        inflateState.zfree = Z_NULL;
+        inflateState.opaque = Z_NULL;
+        inflateState.avail_in = 0;
+        inflateState.next_in = Z_NULL;
+
+        if (inflateInit2(&inflateState, 16+MAX_WBITS) != Z_OK)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        inflateState.avail_in = (uInt) in.size();
+        inflateState.next_in = (unsigned char *)(const_cast<char *>(in.data()));
+
+        const int kBufferSize = 1 << 14;
+
+        std::unique_ptr<unsigned char[]> compressBuffer =
+            std::make_unique<unsigned char[]>(kBufferSize);
+
+        do
+        {
+            inflateState.avail_out = (uInt) kBufferSize;
+            inflateState.next_out = compressBuffer.get();
+
+            int ret = inflate(&inflateState, Z_SYNC_FLUSH);
+
+            if (ret == Z_NEED_DICT || ret == Z_DATA_ERROR || ret == Z_MEM_ERROR)
+            {
+                inflateEnd(&inflateState);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            out.append(
+                reinterpret_cast<char *>(compressBuffer.get()),
+                kBufferSize - inflateState.avail_out
+            );
+        } while (inflateState.avail_out == 0);
+
+        inflateEnd(&inflateState);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void HttpClient::log(const std::string& msg,
+                         const HttpRequestArgs& args)
+    {
+        if (args.logger)
+        {
+            args.logger(msg);
+        }
+    }
+}

ixwebsocket/IXHttpClient.h

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+ *  IXHttpClient.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <functional>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <memory>
+#include <map>
+
+#include "IXSocket.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketHttpHeaders.h"
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    enum HttpErrorCode
+    {
+        HttpErrorCode_Ok = 0,
+        HttpErrorCode_CannotConnect = 1,
+        HttpErrorCode_Timeout = 2,
+        HttpErrorCode_Gzip = 3,
+        HttpErrorCode_UrlMalformed = 4,
+        HttpErrorCode_CannotCreateSocket = 5,
+        HttpErrorCode_SendError = 6,
+        HttpErrorCode_ReadError = 7,
+        HttpErrorCode_CannotReadStatusLine = 8,
+        HttpErrorCode_MissingStatus = 9,
+        HttpErrorCode_HeaderParsingError = 10,
+        HttpErrorCode_MissingLocation = 11,
+        HttpErrorCode_TooManyRedirects = 12,
+        HttpErrorCode_ChunkReadError = 13,
+        HttpErrorCode_CannotReadBody = 14
+    };
+
+    using HttpResponse = std::tuple<int, // status
+                                    HttpErrorCode, // error code
+                                    WebSocketHttpHeaders,
+                                    std::string, // payload
+                                    std::string, // error msg
+                                    uint64_t,    // upload size
+                                    uint64_t>;   // download size
+
+    using HttpParameters = std::map<std::string, std::string>;
+    using Logger = std::function<void(const std::string&)>;
+
+    struct HttpRequestArgs
+    {
+        std::string url;
+        WebSocketHttpHeaders extraHeaders;
+        std::string body;
+        int connectTimeout;
+        int transferTimeout;
+        bool followRedirects;
+        int maxRedirects;
+        bool verbose;
+        bool compress;
+        Logger logger;
+        OnProgressCallback onProgressCallback;
+    };
+
+    class HttpClient {
+    public:
+        HttpClient();
+        ~HttpClient();
+
+        HttpResponse get(const std::string& url,
+                         const HttpRequestArgs& args);
+        HttpResponse head(const std::string& url,
+                          const HttpRequestArgs& args);
+
+        HttpResponse post(const std::string& url,
+                          const HttpParameters& httpParameters,
+                          const HttpRequestArgs& args);
+        HttpResponse post(const std::string& url,
+                          const std::string& body,
+                          const HttpRequestArgs& args);
+
+    private:
+        HttpResponse request(const std::string& url,
+                             const std::string& verb,
+                             const std::string& body,
+                             const HttpRequestArgs& args,
+                             int redirects = 0);
+
+        std::string serializeHttpParameters(const HttpParameters& httpParameters);
+
+        std::string urlEncode(const std::string& value);
+
+        void log(const std::string& msg, const HttpRequestArgs& args);
+
+        bool gzipInflate(
+            const std::string& in,
+            std::string& out);
+
+        std::shared_ptr<Socket> _socket;
+
+        const static std::string kPost;
+        const static std::string kGet;
+        const static std::string kHead;
+    };
+}

ixwebsocket/IXNetSystem.h

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ *  IXNetSystem.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+# include <WS2tcpip.h>
+# include <WinSock2.h>
+# include <basetsd.h>
+# include <io.h>
+# include <ws2def.h>
+#else
+# include <arpa/inet.h>
+# include <errno.h>
+# include <netdb.h>
+# include <netinet/tcp.h>
+# include <sys/select.h>
+# include <sys/socket.h>
+# include <sys/stat.h>
+# include <sys/time.h>
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif

ixwebsocket/IXProgressCallback.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/*
+ *  IXProgressCallback.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    using OnProgressCallback = std::function<bool(int current, int total)>;
+}

ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterrupt.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSelectInterrupt.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "IXSelectInterrupt.h"
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    SelectInterrupt::SelectInterrupt()
+    {
+        ;
+    }
+
+    SelectInterrupt::~SelectInterrupt()
+    {
+        ;
+    }
+
+    bool SelectInterrupt::init(std::string& /*errorMsg*/)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool SelectInterrupt::notify(uint64_t /*value*/)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t SelectInterrupt::read()
+    {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    bool SelectInterrupt::clear()
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    int SelectInterrupt::getFd() const
+    {
+        return -1;
+    }
+}
+

ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterrupt.h

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSelectInterrupt.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    class SelectInterrupt {
+    public:
+        SelectInterrupt();
+        virtual ~SelectInterrupt();
+
+        virtual bool init(std::string& errorMsg);
+
+        virtual bool notify(uint64_t value);
+        virtual bool clear();
+        virtual uint64_t read();
+        virtual int getFd() const;
+    };
+}
+
+

ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterruptEventFd.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSelectInterruptEventFd.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018-2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+//
+// On Linux we use eventd to wake up select.
+//
+
+//
+// Linux/Android has a special type of virtual files. select(2) will react
+// when reading/writing to those files, unlike closing sockets.
+//
+// https://linux.die.net/man/2/eventfd
+// http://www.sourcexr.com/articles/2013/10/26/lightweight-inter-process-signaling-with-eventfd
+//
+// eventfd was added in Linux kernel 2.x, and our oldest Android (Kitkat 4.4)
+// is on Kernel 3.x
+//
+// cf Android/Kernel table here
+// https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/51651/which-android-runs-which-linux-kernel
+//
+// On macOS we use UNIX pipes to wake up select.
+//
+
+#include "IXSelectInterruptEventFd.h"
+
+#include <sys/eventfd.h>
+
+#include <unistd.h> // for write
+#include <string.h> // for strerror
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    SelectInterruptEventFd::SelectInterruptEventFd()
+    {
+        _eventfd = -1;
+    }
+
+    SelectInterruptEventFd::~SelectInterruptEventFd()
+    {
+        ::close(_eventfd);
+    }
+
+    bool SelectInterruptEventFd::init(std::string& errorMsg)
+    {
+        // calling init twice is a programming error
+        assert(_eventfd == -1);
+
+        _eventfd = eventfd(0, 0);
+        if (_eventfd < 0)
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "SelectInterruptEventFd::init() failed in eventfd()"
+               << " : " << strerror(errno);
+            errorMsg = ss.str();
+
+            _eventfd = -1;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (fcntl(_eventfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) == -1)
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "SelectInterruptEventFd::init() failed in fcntl() call"
+               << " : " << strerror(errno);
+            errorMsg = ss.str();
+
+            _eventfd = -1;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool SelectInterruptEventFd::notify(uint64_t value)
+    {
+        int fd = _eventfd;
+
+        if (fd == -1) return false;
+
+        // we should write 8 bytes for an uint64_t
+        return write(fd, &value, sizeof(value)) == 8;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: return max uint64_t for errors ?
+    uint64_t SelectInterruptEventFd::read()
+    {
+        int fd = _eventfd;
+
+        uint64_t value = 0;
+        ::read(fd, &value, sizeof(value));
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    bool SelectInterruptEventFd::clear()
+    {
+        if (_eventfd == -1) return false;
+
+        // 0 is a special value ; select will not wake up
+        uint64_t value = 0;
+
+        // we should write 8 bytes for an uint64_t
+        return write(_eventfd, &value, sizeof(value)) == 8;
+    }
+
+    int SelectInterruptEventFd::getFd() const
+    {
+        return _eventfd;
+    }
+}

ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterruptEventFd.h

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSelectInterruptEventFd.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018-2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "IXSelectInterrupt.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    class SelectInterruptEventFd : public SelectInterrupt {
+    public:
+        SelectInterruptEventFd();
+        virtual ~SelectInterruptEventFd();
+
+        bool init(std::string& errorMsg) final;
+
+        bool notify(uint64_t value) final;
+        bool clear() final;
+        uint64_t read() final;
+        int getFd() const final;
+
+    private:
+        int _eventfd;
+    };
+}
+

ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterruptFactory.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSelectInterruptFactory.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "IXSelectInterruptFactory.h"
+
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+# include <ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterruptPipe.h>
+#else
+# include <ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterrupt.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<SelectInterrupt> createSelectInterrupt()
+    {
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+        return std::make_shared<SelectInterruptPipe>();
+#else
+        return std::make_shared<SelectInterrupt>();
+#endif
+    }
+}

ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterruptFactory.h

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSelectInterruptFactory.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    class SelectInterrupt;
+    std::shared_ptr<SelectInterrupt> createSelectInterrupt();
+}

ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterruptPipe.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSelectInterruptPipe.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018-2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+//
+// On macOS we use UNIX pipes to wake up select.
+//
+
+#include "IXSelectInterruptPipe.h"
+
+#include <unistd.h> // for write
+#include <string.h> // for strerror
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    // File descriptor at index 0 in _fildes is the read end of the pipe
+    // File descriptor at index 1 in _fildes is the write end of the pipe
+    const int SelectInterruptPipe::kPipeReadIndex = 0;
+    const int SelectInterruptPipe::kPipeWriteIndex = 1;
+
+    SelectInterruptPipe::SelectInterruptPipe()
+    {
+        _fildes[kPipeReadIndex] = -1;
+        _fildes[kPipeWriteIndex] = -1;
+    }
+
+    SelectInterruptPipe::~SelectInterruptPipe()
+    {
+        ::close(_fildes[kPipeReadIndex]);
+        ::close(_fildes[kPipeWriteIndex]);
+        _fildes[kPipeReadIndex] = -1;
+        _fildes[kPipeWriteIndex] = -1;
+    }
+
+    bool SelectInterruptPipe::init(std::string& errorMsg)
+    {
+        // calling init twice is a programming error
+        assert(_fildes[kPipeReadIndex] == -1);
+        assert(_fildes[kPipeWriteIndex] == -1);
+
+        if (pipe(_fildes) < 0)
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "SelectInterruptPipe::init() failed in pipe() call"
+               << " : " << strerror(errno);
+            errorMsg = ss.str();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (fcntl(_fildes[kPipeReadIndex], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) == -1)
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "SelectInterruptPipe::init() failed in fcntl(..., O_NONBLOCK) call"
+               << " : " << strerror(errno);
+            errorMsg = ss.str();
+
+            _fildes[kPipeReadIndex] = -1;
+            _fildes[kPipeWriteIndex] = -1;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (fcntl(_fildes[kPipeWriteIndex], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) == -1)
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "SelectInterruptPipe::init() failed in fcntl(..., O_NONBLOCK) call"
+               << " : " << strerror(errno);
+            errorMsg = ss.str();
+
+            _fildes[kPipeReadIndex] = -1;
+            _fildes[kPipeWriteIndex] = -1;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+#ifdef F_SETNOSIGPIPE
+        if (fcntl(_fildes[kPipeWriteIndex], F_SETNOSIGPIPE, 1) == -1)
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "SelectInterruptPipe::init() failed in fcntl(.... F_SETNOSIGPIPE) call"
+               << " : " << strerror(errno);
+            errorMsg = ss.str();
+
+            _fildes[kPipeReadIndex] = -1;
+            _fildes[kPipeWriteIndex] = -1;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (fcntl(_fildes[kPipeWriteIndex], F_SETNOSIGPIPE, 1) == -1)
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "SelectInterruptPipe::init() failed in fcntl(..., F_SETNOSIGPIPE) call"
+               << " : " << strerror(errno);
+            errorMsg = ss.str();
+
+            _fildes[kPipeReadIndex] = -1;
+            _fildes[kPipeWriteIndex] = -1;
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool SelectInterruptPipe::notify(uint64_t value)
+    {
+        int fd = _fildes[kPipeWriteIndex];
+        if (fd == -1) return false;
+
+        // we should write 8 bytes for an uint64_t
+        return write(fd, &value, sizeof(value)) == 8;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: return max uint64_t for errors ?
+    uint64_t SelectInterruptPipe::read()
+    {
+        int fd = _fildes[kPipeReadIndex];
+
+        uint64_t value = 0;
+        ::read(fd, &value, sizeof(value));
+
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    bool SelectInterruptPipe::clear()
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    int SelectInterruptPipe::getFd() const
+    {
+        return _fildes[kPipeReadIndex];
+    }
+}

ixwebsocket/IXSelectInterruptPipe.h

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSelectInterruptPipe.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018-2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "IXSelectInterrupt.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    class SelectInterruptPipe : public SelectInterrupt {
+    public:
+        SelectInterruptPipe();
+        virtual ~SelectInterruptPipe();
+
+        bool init(std::string& errorMsg) final;
+
+        bool notify(uint64_t value) final;
+        bool clear() final;
+        uint64_t read() final;
+        int getFd() const final;
+
+    private:
+        // Store file descriptors used by the communication pipe. Communication
+        // happens between a control thread and a background thread, which is
+        // blocked on select.
+        int _fildes[2];
+
+        // Used to identify the read/write idx
+        static const int kPipeReadIndex;
+        static const int kPipeWriteIndex;
+    };
+}
+

ixwebsocket/IXSetThreadName.h

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSetThreadName.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+#pragma once
+#include <string>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    void setThreadName(const std::string& name);
+}
+

ixwebsocket/IXSocket.cpp

@@ -5,211 +5,145 @@
  */
 
 #include "IXSocket.h"
+#include "IXSocketConnect.h"
+#include "IXNetSystem.h"
+#include "IXSelectInterrupt.h"
+#include "IXSelectInterruptFactory.h"
 
-#include <netdb.h>
-#include <netinet/tcp.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <sys/select.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <assert.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 
-//
+#include <algorithm>
-// Linux/Android has a special type of virtual files. select(2) will react
+#include <iostream>
-// when reading/writing to those files, unlike closing sockets.
-//
-// https://linux.die.net/man/2/eventfd
-//
-// eventfd was added in Linux kernel 2.x, and our oldest Android (Kitkat 4.4)
-// is on Kernel 3.x
-//
-// cf Android/Kernel table here 
-// https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/51651/which-android-runs-which-linux-kernel
-//
-#ifndef __APPLE__
-# include <sys/eventfd.h>
-#endif
-
-// Android needs extra headers for TCP_NODELAY and IPPROTO_TCP
-#ifdef ANDROID
-# include <linux/in.h>
-# include <linux/tcp.h>
-#endif
 
 namespace ix
 {
-    Socket::Socket() : 
+    const int Socket::kDefaultPollNoTimeout = -1; // No poll timeout by default
-        _sockfd(-1),
+    const int Socket::kDefaultPollTimeout = kDefaultPollNoTimeout;
-        _eventfd(-1)
+    const uint64_t Socket::kSendRequest = 1;
+    const uint64_t Socket::kCloseRequest = 2;
+    constexpr size_t Socket::kChunkSize;
+
+    Socket::Socket(int fd) :
+        _sockfd(fd),
+        _selectInterrupt(createSelectInterrupt())
     {
-#ifndef __APPLE__
+        ;
-        _eventfd = eventfd(0, 0);
-        assert(_eventfd != -1 && "Panic - eventfd not functioning on this platform");
-#endif
     }
 
     Socket::~Socket()
     {
         close();
-
-#ifndef __APPLE__
-        ::close(_eventfd);
-#endif
     }
 
-    bool connectToAddress(const struct addrinfo *address, 
+    void Socket::poll(const OnPollCallback& onPollCallback, int timeoutSecs)
-                          int& sockfd,
-                          std::string& errMsg)
-    {
-        sockfd = -1;
-
-        int fd = socket(address->ai_family,
-                        address->ai_socktype,
-                        address->ai_protocol);
-        if (fd < 0)
-        {
-            errMsg = "Cannot create a socket";
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        int maxRetries = 3;
-        for (int i = 0; i < maxRetries; ++i)
-        {
-            if (connect(fd, address->ai_addr, address->ai_addrlen) != -1)
-            {
-                sockfd = fd;
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            // EINTR means we've been interrupted, in which case we try again.
-            if (errno != EINTR) break;
-        }
-
-        ::close(fd);
-        sockfd = -1;
-        errMsg = strerror(errno);
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    int Socket::hostname_connect(const std::string& hostname,
-                                 int port,
-                                 std::string& errMsg)
-    {
-        struct addrinfo hints;
-        memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
-        hints.ai_flags = AI_ADDRCONFIG | AI_NUMERICSERV;
-        hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
-        hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
-
-        std::string sport = std::to_string(port);
-
-        struct addrinfo *res = nullptr;
-        int getaddrinfo_result = getaddrinfo(hostname.c_str(), sport.c_str(), 
-                                             &hints, &res);
-        if (getaddrinfo_result)
-        {
-            errMsg = gai_strerror(getaddrinfo_result);
-            return -1;
-        }
-
-        int sockfd = -1;
-
-        // iterate through the records to find a working peer
-        struct addrinfo *address;
-        bool success = false;
-        for (address = res; address != nullptr; address = address->ai_next)
-        {
-            success = connectToAddress(address, sockfd, errMsg);
-            if (success)
-            {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        freeaddrinfo(res);
-        return sockfd;
-    }
-
-    void Socket::configure()
-    {
-        int flag = 1;
-        setsockopt(_sockfd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, (char*) &flag, sizeof(flag)); // Disable Nagle's algorithm
-        fcntl(_sockfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK); // make socket non blocking
-
-#ifdef SO_NOSIGPIPE
-        int value = 1;
-        setsockopt(_sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_NOSIGPIPE, 
-                   (void *)&value, sizeof(value));
-#endif
-    }
-
-    void Socket::poll(const OnPollCallback& onPollCallback)
     {
         if (_sockfd == -1)
         {
-            onPollCallback();
+            if (onPollCallback) onPollCallback(PollResultType::Error);
             return;
         }
 
+        PollResultType pollResult = isReadyToRead(1000 * timeoutSecs);
+
+        if (onPollCallback) onPollCallback(pollResult);
+    }
+
+    PollResultType Socket::select(bool readyToRead, int timeoutMs)
+    {
         fd_set rfds;
+        fd_set wfds;
         FD_ZERO(&rfds);
-        FD_SET(_sockfd, &rfds);
+        FD_ZERO(&wfds);
 
-#ifndef __APPLE__
+        fd_set* fds = (readyToRead) ? &rfds : & wfds;
-        FD_SET(_eventfd, &rfds);
+        FD_SET(_sockfd, fds);
-#endif
 
+        // File descriptor used to interrupt select when needed
+        int interruptFd = _selectInterrupt->getFd();
+        if (interruptFd != -1)
+        {
+            FD_SET(interruptFd, fds);
+        }
+
+        struct timeval timeout;
+        timeout.tv_sec = timeoutMs / 1000;
+        timeout.tv_usec = (timeoutMs < 1000) ? 0 : 1000 * (timeoutMs % 1000);
+
+        // Compute the highest fd.
         int sockfd = _sockfd;
-        int nfds = std::max(sockfd, _eventfd);
+        int nfds = (std::max)(sockfd, interruptFd);
-        select(nfds + 1, &rfds, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
 
-        onPollCallback();
+        int ret = ::select(nfds + 1, &rfds, &wfds, nullptr,
+                           (timeoutMs < 0) ? nullptr : &timeout);
+
+        PollResultType pollResult = PollResultType::ReadyForRead;
+        if (ret < 0)
+        {
+            pollResult = PollResultType::Error;
+        }
+        else if (ret == 0)
+        {
+            pollResult = PollResultType::Timeout;
+        }
+        else if (interruptFd != -1 && FD_ISSET(interruptFd, &rfds))
+        {
+            uint64_t value = _selectInterrupt->read();
+
+            if (value == kSendRequest)
+            {
+                pollResult = PollResultType::SendRequest;
+            }
+            else if (value == kCloseRequest)
+            {
+                pollResult = PollResultType::CloseRequest;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (sockfd != -1 && readyToRead && FD_ISSET(sockfd, &rfds))
+        {
+            pollResult = PollResultType::ReadyForRead;
+        }
+        else if (sockfd != -1 && !readyToRead && FD_ISSET(sockfd, &wfds))
+        {
+            pollResult = PollResultType::ReadyForWrite;
         }
 
-    void Socket::wakeUpFromPollApple()
+        return pollResult;
-    {
-        close(); // All OS but Linux will wake up select
-                 // when closing the file descriptor watched by select
     }
 
-    void Socket::wakeUpFromPollLinux()
+    PollResultType Socket::isReadyToRead(int timeoutMs)
     {
-        std::string str("\n"); // this will wake up the thread blocked on select
+        bool readyToRead = true;
-        const void* buf = reinterpret_cast<const void*>(str.c_str());
+        return select(readyToRead, timeoutMs);
-        write(_eventfd, buf, str.size());
     }
 
-    void Socket::wakeUpFromPoll()
+    PollResultType Socket::isReadyToWrite(int timeoutMs)
     {
-#ifdef __APPLE__
+        bool readyToRead = false;
-        wakeUpFromPollApple();
+        return select(readyToRead, timeoutMs);
-#else
+    }
-        wakeUpFromPollLinux();
+
-#endif
+    // Wake up from poll/select by writing to the pipe which is watched by select
+    bool Socket::wakeUpFromPoll(uint8_t wakeUpCode)
+    {
+        return _selectInterrupt->notify(wakeUpCode);
     }
 
     bool Socket::connect(const std::string& host,
                          int port,
-                         std::string& errMsg)
+                         std::string& errMsg,
+                         const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested)
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_socketMutex);
 
-#ifndef __APPLE__
+        if (!_selectInterrupt->clear()) return false;
-        if (_eventfd == -1)
-        {
-            return false; // impossible to use this socket if eventfd is broken
-        }
-#endif
 
-        _sockfd = Socket::hostname_connect(host, port, errMsg);
+        _sockfd = SocketConnect::connect(host, port, errMsg, isCancellationRequested);
         return _sockfd != -1;
     }
 
@@ -219,33 +153,189 @@ namespace ix
 
         if (_sockfd == -1) return;
 
-        ::close(_sockfd);
+        closeSocket(_sockfd);
         _sockfd = -1;
     }
 
-    int Socket::send(char* buffer, size_t length)
+    ssize_t Socket::send(char* buffer, size_t length)
     {
         int flags = 0;
 #ifdef MSG_NOSIGNAL
         flags = MSG_NOSIGNAL;
 #endif
 
-        return (int) ::send(_sockfd, buffer, length, flags);
+        return ::send(_sockfd, buffer, length, flags);
     }
 
-    int Socket::send(const std::string& buffer)
+    ssize_t Socket::send(const std::string& buffer)
     {
         return send((char*)&buffer[0], buffer.size());
     }
 
-    int Socket::recv(void* buffer, size_t length)
+    ssize_t Socket::recv(void* buffer, size_t length)
     {
         int flags = 0;
 #ifdef MSG_NOSIGNAL
         flags = MSG_NOSIGNAL;
 #endif
 
-        return (int) ::recv(_sockfd, buffer, length, flags);
+        return ::recv(_sockfd, (char*) buffer, length, flags);
     }
 
+    int Socket::getErrno()
+    {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        return WSAGetLastError();
+#else
+        return errno;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    void Socket::closeSocket(int fd)
+    {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        closesocket(fd);
+#else
+        ::close(fd);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    bool Socket::init(std::string& errorMsg)
+    {
+        return _selectInterrupt->init(errorMsg);
+    }
+
+    bool Socket::writeBytes(const std::string& str,
+                            const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested)
+    {
+        while (true)
+        {
+            if (isCancellationRequested && isCancellationRequested()) return false;
+
+            char* buffer = const_cast<char*>(str.c_str());
+            int len = (int) str.size();
+
+            ssize_t ret = send(buffer, len);
+
+            // We wrote some bytes, as needed, all good.
+            if (ret > 0)
+            {
+                return ret == len;
+            }
+            // There is possibly something to be writen, try again
+            else if (ret < 0 && (getErrno() == EWOULDBLOCK ||
+                                 getErrno() == EAGAIN))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // There was an error during the write, abort
+            else
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool Socket::readByte(void* buffer,
+                          const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested)
+    {
+        while (true)
+        {
+            if (isCancellationRequested && isCancellationRequested()) return false;
+
+            ssize_t ret;
+            ret = recv(buffer, 1);
+
+            // We read one byte, as needed, all good.
+            if (ret == 1)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+            // There is possibly something to be read, try again
+            else if (ret < 0 && (getErrno() == EWOULDBLOCK ||
+                                 getErrno() == EAGAIN))
+            {
+                // Wait with a 1ms timeout until the socket is ready to read.
+                // This way we are not busy looping
+                if (isReadyToRead(1) == PollResultType::Error)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            // There was an error during the read, abort
+            else
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::pair<bool, std::string> Socket::readLine(
+        const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested)
+    {
+        char c;
+        std::string line;
+        line.reserve(64);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2 || (line[i-2] != '\r' && line[i-1] != '\n'); ++i)
+        {
+            if (!readByte(&c, isCancellationRequested))
+            {
+                // Return what we were able to read
+                return std::make_pair(false, line);
+            }
+
+            line += c;
+        }
+
+        return std::make_pair(true, line);
+    }
+
+    std::pair<bool, std::string> Socket::readBytes(
+        size_t length,
+        const OnProgressCallback& onProgressCallback,
+        const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested)
+    {
+        if (_readBuffer.empty())
+        {
+            _readBuffer.resize(kChunkSize);
+        }
+
+        std::vector<uint8_t> output;
+        while (output.size() != length)
+        {
+            if (isCancellationRequested && isCancellationRequested())
+            {
+                return std::make_pair(false, std::string());
+            }
+
+            size_t size = std::min(kChunkSize, length - output.size());
+            ssize_t ret = recv((char*)&_readBuffer[0], size);
+
+            if (ret <= 0 && (getErrno() != EWOULDBLOCK &&
+                             getErrno() != EAGAIN))
+            {
+                // Error
+                return std::make_pair(false, std::string());
+            }
+            else if (ret > 0)
+            {
+                output.insert(output.end(),
+                              _readBuffer.begin(),
+                              _readBuffer.begin() + ret);
+            }
+
+            if (onProgressCallback) onProgressCallback((int) output.size(), (int) length);
+
+            // Wait with a 1ms timeout until the socket is ready to read.
+            // This way we are not busy looping
+            if (isReadyToRead(1) == PollResultType::Error)
+            {
+                return std::make_pair(false, std::string());
+            }
+        }
+
+        return std::make_pair(true, std::string(output.begin(),
+                                                output.end()));
+    }
 }

ixwebsocket/IXSocket.h

@@ -10,41 +10,96 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <atomic>
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <BaseTsd.h>
+typedef SSIZE_T ssize_t;
+#endif
+
+#include "IXCancellationRequest.h"
+#include "IXProgressCallback.h"
 
 namespace ix
 {
+    class SelectInterrupt;
+
+    enum class PollResultType
+    {
+        ReadyForRead = 0,
+        ReadyForWrite = 1,
+        Timeout = 2,
+        Error = 3,
+        SendRequest = 4,
+        CloseRequest = 5
+    };
+
     class Socket {
     public:
-        using OnPollCallback = std::function<void()>;
+        using OnPollCallback = std::function<void(PollResultType)>;
 
-        Socket();
+        Socket(int fd = -1);
         virtual ~Socket();
+        bool init(std::string& errorMsg);
 
-        static int hostname_connect(const std::string& hostname,
-                                    int port,
-                                    std::string& errMsg);
         void configure();
 
-        virtual void poll(const OnPollCallback& onPollCallback);
+        // Functions to check whether there is activity on the socket
-        virtual void wakeUpFromPoll();
+        void poll(const OnPollCallback& onPollCallback,
+                  int timeoutSecs = kDefaultPollTimeout);
+        bool wakeUpFromPoll(uint8_t wakeUpCode);
+
+        PollResultType isReadyToWrite(int timeoutMs);
+        PollResultType isReadyToRead(int timeoutMs);
 
         // Virtual methods
         virtual bool connect(const std::string& url,
                              int port,
-                             std::string& errMsg);
+                             std::string& errMsg,
+                             const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested);
         virtual void close();
 
-        virtual int send(char* buffer, size_t length);
+        virtual ssize_t send(char* buffer, size_t length);
-        virtual int send(const std::string& buffer);
+        virtual ssize_t send(const std::string& buffer);
-        virtual int recv(void* buffer, size_t length);
+        virtual ssize_t recv(void* buffer, size_t length);
+
+        // Blocking and cancellable versions, working with socket that can be set
+        // to non blocking mode. Used during HTTP upgrade.
+        bool readByte(void* buffer,
+                      const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested);
+        bool writeBytes(const std::string& str,
+                        const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested);
+
+        std::pair<bool, std::string> readLine(
+            const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested);
+        std::pair<bool, std::string> readBytes(
+            size_t length,
+            const OnProgressCallback& onProgressCallback,
+            const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested);
+
+        static int getErrno();
+
+        // Used as special codes for pipe communication
+        static const uint64_t kSendRequest;
+        static const uint64_t kCloseRequest;
 
     protected:
-        void wakeUpFromPollApple();
+        void closeSocket(int fd);
-        void wakeUpFromPollLinux();
 
         std::atomic<int> _sockfd;
-        int _eventfd;
         std::mutex _socketMutex;
-    };
 
+    private:
+        PollResultType select(bool readyToRead, int timeoutMs);
+
+        static const int kDefaultPollTimeout;
+        static const int kDefaultPollNoTimeout;
+
+        // Buffer for reading from our socket. That buffer is never resized.
+        std::vector<uint8_t> _readBuffer;
+        static constexpr size_t kChunkSize = 1 << 15;
+
+        std::shared_ptr<SelectInterrupt> _selectInterrupt;
+    };
 }

ixwebsocket/IXSocketAppleSSL.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
  *  Adapted from Satori SDK Apple SSL code.
  */
 #include "IXSocketAppleSSL.h"
+#include "IXSocketConnect.h"
 
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <netdb.h>
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ std::string getSSLErrorDescription(OSStatus status)
 
 namespace ix
 {
-    SocketAppleSSL::SocketAppleSSL() : 
+    SocketAppleSSL::SocketAppleSSL(int fd) : Socket(fd),
         _sslContext(nullptr)
     {
         ;
@@ -156,13 +157,14 @@ namespace ix
     // No wait support
     bool SocketAppleSSL::connect(const std::string& host,
                                  int port,
-                                 std::string& errMsg)
+                                 std::string& errMsg,
+                                 const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested)
     {
         OSStatus status;
         {
             std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_mutex);
 
-            _sockfd = Socket::hostname_connect(host, port, errMsg);
+            _sockfd = SocketConnect::connect(host, port, errMsg, isCancellationRequested);
             if (_sockfd == -1) return false;
 
             _sslContext = SSLCreateContext(kCFAllocatorDefault, kSSLClientSide, kSSLStreamType);
@@ -201,7 +203,7 @@ namespace ix
         Socket::close();
     }
 
-    int SocketAppleSSL::send(char* buf, size_t nbyte)
+    ssize_t SocketAppleSSL::send(char* buf, size_t nbyte)
     {
         ssize_t ret = 0;
         OSStatus status;
@@ -216,16 +218,16 @@ namespace ix
 
         if (ret == 0 && errSSLClosedAbort != status)
             ret = -1;
-        return (int) ret;
+        return ret;
     }
 
-    int SocketAppleSSL::send(const std::string& buffer)
+    ssize_t SocketAppleSSL::send(const std::string& buffer)
     {
         return send((char*)&buffer[0], buffer.size());
     }
 
     // No wait support
-    int SocketAppleSSL::recv(void* buf, size_t nbyte)
+    ssize_t SocketAppleSSL::recv(void* buf, size_t nbyte)
     {
         OSStatus status = errSSLWouldBlock;
         while (errSSLWouldBlock == status)
@@ -235,7 +237,7 @@ namespace ix
             status = SSLRead(_sslContext, buf, nbyte, &processed);
 
             if (processed > 0)
-                return (int) processed;
+                return (ssize_t) processed;
 
             // The connection was reset, inform the caller that this
             // Socket should close

ixwebsocket/IXSocketAppleSSL.h

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "IXSocket.h"
+#include "IXCancellationRequest.h"
 
 #include <Security/Security.h>
 #include <Security/SecureTransport.h>
@@ -18,17 +19,18 @@ namespace ix
     class SocketAppleSSL : public Socket
     {
     public:
-        SocketAppleSSL();
+        SocketAppleSSL(int fd = -1);
         ~SocketAppleSSL();
 
         virtual bool connect(const std::string& host,
                              int port,
-                             std::string& errMsg) final;
+                             std::string& errMsg,
+                             const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested) final;
         virtual void close() final;
 
-        virtual int send(char* buffer, size_t length) final;
+        virtual ssize_t send(char* buffer, size_t length) final;
-        virtual int send(const std::string& buffer) final;
+        virtual ssize_t send(const std::string& buffer) final;
-        virtual int recv(void* buffer, size_t length) final;
+        virtual ssize_t recv(void* buffer, size_t length) final;
 
     private:
         SSLContextRef _sslContext;

ixwebsocket/IXSocketConnect.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSocketConnect.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "IXSocketConnect.h"
+#include "IXDNSLookup.h"
+#include "IXNetSystem.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+// Android needs extra headers for TCP_NODELAY and IPPROTO_TCP
+#ifdef ANDROID
+# include <linux/in.h>
+# include <linux/tcp.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace
+{
+    void closeSocket(int fd)
+    {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        closesocket(fd);
+#else
+        ::close(fd);
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    //
+    // This function can be cancelled every 50 ms
+    // This is important so that we don't block the main UI thread when shutting down a connection which is
+    // already trying to reconnect, and can be blocked waiting for ::connect to respond.
+    //
+    int SocketConnect::connectToAddress(const struct addrinfo *address,
+                                        std::string& errMsg,
+                                        const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested)
+    {
+        errMsg = "no error";
+
+        int fd = socket(address->ai_family,
+                        address->ai_socktype,
+                        address->ai_protocol);
+        if (fd < 0)
+        {
+            errMsg = "Cannot create a socket";
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        // Set the socket to non blocking mode, so that slow responses cannot
+        // block us for too long
+        SocketConnect::configure(fd);
+
+        if (::connect(fd, address->ai_addr, address->ai_addrlen) == -1
+            && errno != EINPROGRESS)
+        {
+            closeSocket(fd);
+            errMsg = strerror(errno);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        for (;;)
+        {
+            if (isCancellationRequested && isCancellationRequested()) // Must handle timeout as well
+            {
+                closeSocket(fd);
+                errMsg = "Cancelled";
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            // Use select to check the status of the new connection
+            struct timeval timeout;
+            timeout.tv_sec = 0;
+            timeout.tv_usec = 10 * 1000; // 10ms timeout
+            fd_set wfds;
+            fd_set efds;
+
+            FD_ZERO(&wfds);
+            FD_SET(fd, &wfds);
+            FD_ZERO(&efds);
+            FD_SET(fd, &efds);
+
+            if (select(fd + 1, nullptr, &wfds, &efds, &timeout) < 0 &&
+                (errno == EBADF || errno == EINVAL))
+            {
+                closeSocket(fd);
+                errMsg = std::string("Connect error, select error: ") + strerror(errno);
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            // Nothing was written to the socket, wait again.
+            if (!FD_ISSET(fd, &wfds)) continue;
+
+            // Something was written to the socket. Check for errors.
+            int optval = -1;
+            socklen_t optlen = sizeof(optval);
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+            // On connect error, in async mode, windows will write to the exceptions fds
+            if (FD_ISSET(fd, &efds))
+#else
+            // getsockopt() puts the errno value for connect into optval so 0
+            // means no-error.
+            if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &optval, &optlen) == -1 ||
+                optval != 0)
+#endif
+            {
+                closeSocket(fd);
+                errMsg = strerror(optval);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Success !
+                return fd;
+            }
+        }
+
+        closeSocket(fd);
+        errMsg = "connect timed out after 60 seconds";
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int SocketConnect::connect(const std::string& hostname,
+                               int port,
+                               std::string& errMsg,
+                               const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested)
+    {
+        //
+        // First do DNS resolution
+        //
+        DNSLookup dnsLookup(hostname, port);
+        struct addrinfo *res = dnsLookup.resolve(errMsg, isCancellationRequested);
+        if (res == nullptr)
+        {
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        int sockfd = -1;
+
+        // iterate through the records to find a working peer
+        struct addrinfo *address;
+        for (address = res; address != nullptr; address = address->ai_next)
+        {
+            //
+            // Second try to connect to the remote host
+            //
+            sockfd = connectToAddress(address, errMsg, isCancellationRequested);
+            if (sockfd != -1)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        freeaddrinfo(res);
+        return sockfd;
+    }
+
+    // FIXME: configure is a terrible name
+    void SocketConnect::configure(int sockfd)
+    {
+        // 1. disable Nagle's algorithm
+        int flag = 1;
+        setsockopt(sockfd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, (char*) &flag, sizeof(flag));
+
+        // 2. make socket non blocking
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        unsigned long nonblocking = 1;
+        ioctlsocket(sockfd, FIONBIO, &nonblocking);
+#else
+        fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK); // make socket non blocking
+#endif
+
+        // 3. (apple) prevent SIGPIPE from being emitted when the remote end disconnect
+#ifdef SO_NOSIGPIPE
+        int value = 1;
+        setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_NOSIGPIPE,
+                   (void *)&value, sizeof(value));
+#endif
+    }
+}

ixwebsocket/IXSocketConnect.h

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSocketConnect.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "IXCancellationRequest.h"
+
+#include <string>
+
+struct addrinfo;
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    class SocketConnect {
+    public:
+        static int connect(const std::string& hostname,
+                           int port,
+                           std::string& errMsg,
+                           const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested);
+
+        static void configure(int sockfd);
+
+    private:
+        static int connectToAddress(const struct addrinfo *address,
+                                    std::string& errMsg,
+                                    const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested);
+    };
+}
+

ixwebsocket/IXSocketFactory.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSocketFactory.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "IXSocketFactory.h"
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__) or defined(__linux__)
+# ifdef __APPLE__
+#  include <ixwebsocket/IXSocketAppleSSL.h>
+# else
+#  include <ixwebsocket/IXSocketOpenSSL.h>
+# endif
+#endif
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<Socket> createSocket(bool tls,
+                                         std::string& errorMsg)
+    {
+        errorMsg.clear();
+        std::shared_ptr<Socket> socket;
+
+        if (!tls)
+        {
+            socket = std::make_shared<Socket>();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+#ifdef IXWEBSOCKET_USE_TLS
+# ifdef __APPLE__
+            socket = std::make_shared<SocketAppleSSL>();
+# else
+            socket = std::make_shared<SocketOpenSSL>();
+# endif
+#else
+            errorMsg = "TLS support is not enabled on this platform.";
+            return nullptr;
+#endif
+        }
+
+        if (!socket->init(errorMsg))
+        {
+            socket.reset();
+        }
+
+        return socket;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Socket> createSocket(int fd,
+                                         std::string& errorMsg)
+    {
+        errorMsg.clear();
+
+        std::shared_ptr<Socket> socket = std::make_shared<Socket>(fd);
+        if (!socket->init(errorMsg))
+        {
+            socket.reset();
+        }
+
+        return socket;
+    }
+}

ixwebsocket/IXSocketFactory.h

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+/*
+ *  IXSocketFactory.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    class Socket;
+    std::shared_ptr<Socket> createSocket(bool tls,
+                                         std::string& errorMsg);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Socket> createSocket(int fd,
+                                         std::string& errorMsg);
+}

ixwebsocket/IXSocketOpenSSL.cpp

@@ -7,38 +7,38 @@
  */
 
 #include "IXSocketOpenSSL.h"
+#include "IXSocketConnect.h"
+
 #include <cassert>
 #include <iostream>
 
 #include <openssl/x509v3.h>
 
+#include <fnmatch.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #define socketerrno errno
 
-namespace {
+namespace ix
-
-std::mutex initMutex;
-bool openSSLInitialized = false;
-bool openSSLInitializationSuccessful = false;
-
-bool openSSLInitialize(std::string& errMsg)
 {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(initMutex);
+    std::atomic<bool> SocketOpenSSL::_openSSLInitializationSuccessful(false);
+    std::once_flag SocketOpenSSL::_openSSLInitFlag;
 
-    if (openSSLInitialized)
+    SocketOpenSSL::SocketOpenSSL(int fd) : Socket(fd),
+        _ssl_connection(nullptr),
+        _ssl_context(nullptr)
     {
-        return openSSLInitializationSuccessful;
+        std::call_once(_openSSLInitFlag, &SocketOpenSSL::openSSLInitialize, this);
     }
 
+    SocketOpenSSL::~SocketOpenSSL()
+    {
+        SocketOpenSSL::close();
+    }
+
+    void SocketOpenSSL::openSSLInitialize()
+    {
 #if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10100000L
-    if (!OPENSSL_init_ssl(OPENSSL_INIT_LOAD_CONFIG, nullptr))
+        if (!OPENSSL_init_ssl(OPENSSL_INIT_LOAD_CONFIG, nullptr)) return;
-    {
-        errMsg = "OPENSSL_init_ssl failure";
-
-        openSSLInitializationSuccessful = false;
-        openSSLInitialized = true;
-        return false;
-    }
 #else
         (void) OPENSSL_config(nullptr);
 #endif
@@ -46,41 +46,7 @@ bool openSSLInitialize(std::string& errMsg)
         (void) OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms();
         (void) SSL_load_error_strings();
 
-    openSSLInitializationSuccessful = true;
+        _openSSLInitializationSuccessful = true;
-    return true;
-}
-
-int openssl_verify_callback(int preverify, X509_STORE_CTX *x509_ctx)
-{
-    return preverify;
-}
-
-/* create new SSL connection state object */
-SSL *openssl_create_connection(SSL_CTX *ctx, int socket)
-{
-    assert(ctx != nullptr);
-    assert(socket > 0);
-
-    SSL *ssl = SSL_new(ctx);
-    if (ssl)
-        SSL_set_fd(ssl, socket);
-    return ssl;
-}
-
-} // anonymous namespace
-
-namespace ix 
-{
-    SocketOpenSSL::SocketOpenSSL() :
-        _ssl_connection(nullptr), 
-        _ssl_context(nullptr)
-    {
-        ;
-    }
-
-    SocketOpenSSL::~SocketOpenSSL()
-    {
-        SocketOpenSSL::close();
     }
 
     std::string SocketOpenSSL::getSSLError(int ret)
@@ -149,7 +115,13 @@ namespace ix
         SSL_CTX* ctx = SSL_CTX_new(_ssl_method);
         if (ctx)
         {
-            SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, openssl_verify_callback);
+            // To skip verification, pass in SSL_VERIFY_NONE
+            SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx, SSL_VERIFY_PEER,
+                               [](int preverify, X509_STORE_CTX*) -> int
+                               {
+                                   return preverify;
+                               });
+
             SSL_CTX_set_verify_depth(ctx, 4);
             SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2 | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3);
         }
@@ -158,51 +130,10 @@ namespace ix
 
     /**
      * Check whether a hostname matches a pattern
-     *
-     * The pattern MUST contain at most a single, leading asterisk. This means that
-     * this function cannot serve as a generic validation function, as that would
-     * allow for partial wildcards, too. Also, this does not check whether the
-     * wildcard covers multiple levels of labels. For RTM, this suffices, as we
-     * are only interested in the main domain name.
-     *
-     * @param[in] hostname The hostname of the server
-     * @param[in] pattern The hostname pattern from a SSL certificate
-     * @return TRUE if the pattern matches, FALSE otherwise
      */
     bool SocketOpenSSL::checkHost(const std::string& host, const char *pattern)
     {
-        const char* hostname = host.c_str();
+        return fnmatch(pattern, host.c_str(), 0) != FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-        while (*pattern && *hostname)
-        {
-            if (*pattern == '*')
-            {
-                while (*hostname != '.' && *hostname) hostname++;
-                if (*(++pattern) != '.')
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                char p = *pattern;
-                char h = *hostname;
-                if ((p & ~32) >= 'A' && (p & ~32) <= 'Z')
-                {
-                    p &= ~32;
-                    h &= ~32;
-                }
-                if (*pattern != *hostname)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-            pattern++;
-            hostname++;
-        }
-
-        bool success = !(*hostname || *pattern);
-        return success;
     }
 
     bool SocketOpenSSL::openSSLCheckServerCert(SSL *ssl,
@@ -313,18 +244,20 @@ namespace ix
     // No wait support
     bool SocketOpenSSL::connect(const std::string& host,
                                 int port,
-                                std::string& errMsg)
+                                std::string& errMsg,
+                                const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested)
     {
         bool handshakeSuccessful = false;
         {
             std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_mutex);
 
-            if (!openSSLInitialize(errMsg))
+            if (!_openSSLInitializationSuccessful)
             {
+                errMsg = "OPENSSL_init_ssl failure";
                 return false;
             }
 
-            _sockfd = Socket::hostname_connect(host, port, errMsg);
+            _sockfd = SocketConnect::connect(host, port, errMsg, isCancellationRequested);
             if (_sockfd == -1) return false;
 
             _ssl_context = openSSLCreateContext(errMsg);
@@ -342,18 +275,28 @@ namespace ix
                 errMsg += ERR_error_string(ssl_err, nullptr);
             }
 
-            _ssl_connection = openssl_create_connection(_ssl_context, _sockfd);
+            _ssl_connection = SSL_new(_ssl_context);
-            if (nullptr == _ssl_connection)
+            if (_ssl_connection == nullptr)
             {
                 errMsg = "OpenSSL failed to connect";
                 SSL_CTX_free(_ssl_context);
                 _ssl_context = nullptr;
                 return false;
             }
+            SSL_set_fd(_ssl_connection, _sockfd);
 
             // SNI support
             SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(_ssl_connection, host.c_str());
 
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10002000L
+            // Support for server name verification
+            // (The docs say that this should work from 1.0.2, and is the default from
+            // 1.1.0, but it does not. To be on the safe side, the manual test below is
+            // enabled for all versions prior to 1.1.0.)
+            X509_VERIFY_PARAM *param = SSL_get0_param(_ssl_connection);
+            X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host(param, host.c_str(), 0);
+#endif
+
             handshakeSuccessful = openSSLHandshake(host, errMsg);
         }
 
@@ -384,7 +327,7 @@ namespace ix
         Socket::close();
     }
 
-    int SocketOpenSSL::send(char* buf, size_t nbyte)
+    ssize_t SocketOpenSSL::send(char* buf, size_t nbyte)
     {
         ssize_t sent = 0;
 
@@ -398,7 +341,7 @@ namespace ix
             }
 
             ERR_clear_error();
-            int write_result = SSL_write(_ssl_connection, buf + sent, (int) nbyte);
+            ssize_t write_result = SSL_write(_ssl_connection, buf + sent, (int) nbyte);
             int reason = SSL_get_error(_ssl_connection, write_result);
 
             if (reason == SSL_ERROR_NONE) {
@@ -411,16 +354,16 @@ namespace ix
                 return -1;
             }
         }
-        return (int) sent;
+        return sent;
     }
 
-    int SocketOpenSSL::send(const std::string& buffer)
+    ssize_t SocketOpenSSL::send(const std::string& buffer)
     {
         return send((char*)&buffer[0], buffer.size());
     }
 
     // No wait support
-    int SocketOpenSSL::recv(void* buf, size_t nbyte)
+    ssize_t SocketOpenSSL::recv(void* buf, size_t nbyte)
     {
         while (true)
         {
@@ -432,7 +375,7 @@ namespace ix
             }
 
             ERR_clear_error();
-            int read_result = SSL_read(_ssl_connection, buf, (int) nbyte);
+            ssize_t read_result = SSL_read(_ssl_connection, buf, (int) nbyte);
 
             if (read_result > 0)
             {
@@ -444,10 +387,8 @@ namespace ix
             if (reason == SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ || reason == SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE)
             {
                 errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
-                return -1;
-            } else {
-                return -1;
             }
+            return -1;
         }
     }
 

ixwebsocket/IXSocketOpenSSL.h

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "IXSocket.h"
+#include "IXCancellationRequest.h"
 
 #include <openssl/bio.h>
 #include <openssl/hmac.h>
@@ -21,19 +22,21 @@ namespace ix
     class SocketOpenSSL : public Socket
     {
     public:
-        SocketOpenSSL();
+        SocketOpenSSL(int fd = -1);
         ~SocketOpenSSL();
 
         virtual bool connect(const std::string& host,
                              int port,
-                             std::string& errMsg) final;
+                             std::string& errMsg,
+                             const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested) final;
         virtual void close() final;
 
-        virtual int send(char* buffer, size_t length) final;
+        virtual ssize_t send(char* buffer, size_t length) final;
-        virtual int send(const std::string& buffer) final;
+        virtual ssize_t send(const std::string& buffer) final;
-        virtual int recv(void* buffer, size_t length) final;
+        virtual ssize_t recv(void* buffer, size_t length) final;
 
     private:
+        void openSSLInitialize();
         std::string getSSLError(int ret);
         SSL_CTX* openSSLCreateContext(std::string& errMsg);
         bool openSSLHandshake(const std::string& hostname, std::string& errMsg);
@@ -42,10 +45,13 @@ namespace ix
                                     std::string& errMsg);
         bool checkHost(const std::string& host, const char *pattern);
 
-        SSL_CTX* _ssl_context;
         SSL* _ssl_connection;
+        SSL_CTX* _ssl_context;
         const SSL_METHOD* _ssl_method;
         mutable std::mutex _mutex;  // OpenSSL routines are not thread-safe
+
+        static std::once_flag _openSSLInitFlag;
+        static std::atomic<bool> _openSSLInitializationSuccessful;
     };
 
 }

ixwebsocket/IXSocketSChannel.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSocketSChannel.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/WinSock/using-secure-socket-extensions
+ *
+ *  https://github.com/pauldotknopf/WindowsSDK7-Samples/blob/master/netds/winsock/securesocket/stcpclient/tcpclient.c
+ *
+ *  This is the right example to look at:
+ *  https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/1000189/A-Working-TCP-Client-and-Server-With-SSL
+ */
+#include "IXSocketSChannel.h"
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+# include <basetsd.h>
+# include <WinSock2.h>
+# include <ws2def.h>
+# include <WS2tcpip.h>
+# include <schannel.h>
+# include <sslsock.h>
+# include <io.h>
+
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+
+#ifndef UNICODE
+#define UNICODE
+#endif
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <winsock2.h>
+#include <mstcpip.h>
+#include <ws2tcpip.h>
+#include <rpc.h>
+#include <ntdsapi.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <tchar.h>
+
+#define RECV_DATA_BUF_SIZE 256
+
+// Link with ws2_32.lib
+#pragma comment(lib, "Ws2_32.lib")
+
+// link with fwpuclnt.lib for Winsock secure socket extensions
+#pragma comment(lib, "fwpuclnt.lib")
+
+// link with ntdsapi.lib for DsMakeSpn function
+#pragma comment(lib, "ntdsapi.lib")
+
+// The following function assumes that Winsock
+// has already been initialized
+
+
+
+
+
+
+#else
+# error("This file should only be built on Windows")
+#endif
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    SocketSChannel::SocketSChannel()
+    {
+        ;
+    }
+
+    SocketSChannel::~SocketSChannel()
+    {
+
+    }
+
+    bool SocketSChannel::connect(const std::string& host,
+                                 int port,
+                                 std::string& errMsg)
+    {
+        return Socket::connect(host, port, errMsg);
+    }
+
+
+    void SocketSChannel::secureSocket()
+    {
+        // there will be a lot to do here ...
+    }
+
+    void SocketSChannel::close()
+    {
+        Socket::close();
+    }
+
+    int SocketSChannel::send(char* buf, size_t nbyte)
+    {
+        return Socket::send(buf, nbyte);
+    }
+
+    int SocketSChannel::send(const std::string& buffer)
+    {
+        return Socket::send(buffer);
+    }
+
+    int SocketSChannel::recv(void* buf, size_t nbyte)
+    {
+        return Socket::recv(buf, nbyte);
+    }
+
+}

ixwebsocket/IXSocketSChannel.h

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSocketSChannel.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2017-2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "IXSocket.h"
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    class SocketSChannel : public Socket
+    {
+    public:
+        SocketSChannel();
+        ~SocketSChannel();
+
+        virtual bool connect(const std::string& host,
+                             int port,
+                             std::string& errMsg) final;
+        virtual void close() final;
+
+        // The important override
+        virtual void secureSocket() final;
+
+        virtual int send(char* buffer, size_t length) final;
+        virtual int send(const std::string& buffer) final;
+        virtual int recv(void* buffer, size_t length) final;
+
+    private:
+    };
+
+}

ixwebsocket/IXSocketServer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSocketServer.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "IXSocketServer.h"
+#include "IXSocket.h"
+#include "IXSocketConnect.h"
+#include "IXNetSystem.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <future>
+#include <string.h>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    const int SocketServer::kDefaultPort(8080);
+    const std::string SocketServer::kDefaultHost("127.0.0.1");
+    const int SocketServer::kDefaultTcpBacklog(5);
+    const size_t SocketServer::kDefaultMaxConnections(32);
+
+    SocketServer::SocketServer(int port,
+                               const std::string& host,
+                               int backlog,
+                               size_t maxConnections) :
+        _port(port),
+        _host(host),
+        _backlog(backlog),
+        _maxConnections(maxConnections),
+        _stop(false),
+        _connectionStateFactory(&ConnectionState::createConnectionState)
+    {
+
+    }
+
+    SocketServer::~SocketServer()
+    {
+        stop();
+    }
+
+    void SocketServer::logError(const std::string& str)
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_logMutex);
+        std::cerr << str << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    void SocketServer::logInfo(const std::string& str)
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_logMutex);
+        std::cout << str << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    std::pair<bool, std::string> SocketServer::listen()
+    {
+        struct sockaddr_in server; // server address information
+
+        // Get a socket for accepting connections.
+        if ((_serverFd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "SocketServer::listen() error creating socket): "
+               << strerror(Socket::getErrno());
+
+            return std::make_pair(false, ss.str());
+        }
+
+        // Make that socket reusable. (allow restarting this server at will)
+        int enable = 1;
+        if (setsockopt(_serverFd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,
+                       (char*) &enable, sizeof(enable)) < 0)
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "SocketServer::listen() error calling setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) "
+               << "at address " << _host << ":" << _port
+               << " : " << strerror(Socket::getErrno());
+
+            ::close(_serverFd);
+            return std::make_pair(false, ss.str());
+        }
+
+        // Bind the socket to the server address.
+        server.sin_family = AF_INET;
+        server.sin_port   = htons(_port);
+
+        // Using INADDR_ANY trigger a pop-up box as binding to any address is detected
+        // by the osx firewall. We need to codesign the binary with a self-signed cert
+        // to allow that, but this is a bit of a pain. (this is what node or python would do).
+        //
+        // Using INADDR_LOOPBACK also does not work ... while it should.
+        // We default to 127.0.0.1 (localhost)
+        //
+        server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(_host.c_str());
+
+        if (bind(_serverFd, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server)) < 0)
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "SocketServer::listen() error calling bind "
+               << "at address " << _host << ":" << _port
+               << " : " << strerror(Socket::getErrno());
+
+            ::close(_serverFd);
+            return std::make_pair(false, ss.str());
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Listen for connections. Specify the tcp backlog.
+        //
+        if (::listen(_serverFd, _backlog) < 0)
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "SocketServer::listen() error calling listen "
+               << "at address " << _host << ":" << _port
+               << " : " << strerror(Socket::getErrno());
+
+            ::close(_serverFd);
+            return std::make_pair(false, ss.str());
+        }
+
+        return std::make_pair(true, "");
+    }
+
+    void SocketServer::start()
+    {
+        if (_thread.joinable()) return; // we've already been started
+
+        _thread = std::thread(&SocketServer::run, this);
+    }
+
+    void SocketServer::wait()
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(_conditionVariableMutex);
+        _conditionVariable.wait(lock);
+    }
+
+    void SocketServer::stop()
+    {
+        if (!_thread.joinable()) return; // nothing to do
+
+        _stop = true;
+        _thread.join();
+        _stop = false;
+
+        _conditionVariable.notify_one();
+        ::close(_serverFd);
+    }
+
+    void SocketServer::setConnectionStateFactory(
+        const ConnectionStateFactory& connectionStateFactory)
+    {
+        _connectionStateFactory = connectionStateFactory;
+    }
+
+    void SocketServer::run()
+    {
+        // Set the socket to non blocking mode, so that accept calls are not blocking
+        SocketConnect::configure(_serverFd);
+
+        // Return value of std::async, ignored
+        std::future<void> f;
+
+        for (;;)
+        {
+            if (_stop) return;
+
+            // Use select to check whether a new connection is in progress
+            fd_set rfds;
+            struct timeval timeout;
+            timeout.tv_sec = 0;
+            timeout.tv_usec = 10 * 1000; // 10ms timeout
+
+            FD_ZERO(&rfds);
+            FD_SET(_serverFd, &rfds);
+
+            if (select(_serverFd + 1, &rfds, nullptr, nullptr, &timeout) < 0 &&
+                (errno == EBADF || errno == EINVAL))
+            {
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                ss << "SocketServer::run() error in select: "
+                   << strerror(Socket::getErrno());
+                logError(ss.str());
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (!FD_ISSET(_serverFd, &rfds))
+            {
+                // We reached the select timeout, and no new connections are pending
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Accept a connection.
+            struct sockaddr_in client; // client address information
+            int clientFd;              // socket connected to client
+            socklen_t addressLen = sizeof(socklen_t);
+            memset(&client, 0, sizeof(client));
+
+            if ((clientFd = accept(_serverFd, (struct sockaddr *)&client, &addressLen)) < 0)
+            {
+                if (Socket::getErrno() != EWOULDBLOCK)
+                {
+                    // FIXME: that error should be propagated
+                    std::stringstream ss;
+                    ss << "SocketServer::run() error accepting connection: "
+                       << strerror(Socket::getErrno());
+                    logError(ss.str());
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (getConnectedClientsCount() >= _maxConnections)
+            {
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                ss << "SocketServer::run() reached max connections = "
+                   << _maxConnections << ". "
+                   << "Not accepting connection";
+                logError(ss.str());
+
+                ::close(clientFd);
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            std::shared_ptr<ConnectionState> connectionState;
+            if (_connectionStateFactory)
+            {
+                connectionState = _connectionStateFactory();
+            }
+
+            // Launch the handleConnection work asynchronously in its own thread.
+            //
+            // the destructor of a future returned by std::async blocks,
+            // so we need to declare it outside of this loop
+            f = std::async(std::launch::async,
+                           &SocketServer::handleConnection,
+                           this,
+                           clientFd,
+                           connectionState);
+        }
+    }
+}
+

ixwebsocket/IXSocketServer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSocketServer.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "IXConnectionState.h"
+
+#include <utility> // pair
+#include <string>
+#include <set>
+#include <thread>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <condition_variable>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    class SocketServer {
+    public:
+        using ConnectionStateFactory = std::function<std::shared_ptr<ConnectionState>()>;
+
+        SocketServer(int port = SocketServer::kDefaultPort,
+                     const std::string& host = SocketServer::kDefaultHost,
+                     int backlog = SocketServer::kDefaultTcpBacklog,
+                     size_t maxConnections = SocketServer::kDefaultMaxConnections);
+        virtual ~SocketServer();
+        virtual void stop();
+
+        void setConnectionStateFactory(const ConnectionStateFactory& connectionStateFactory);
+
+        const static int kDefaultPort;
+        const static std::string kDefaultHost;
+        const static int kDefaultTcpBacklog;
+        const static size_t kDefaultMaxConnections;
+
+        void start();
+        std::pair<bool, std::string> listen();
+        void wait();
+
+    protected:
+
+        // Logging
+        void logError(const std::string& str);
+        void logInfo(const std::string& str);
+
+    private:
+        // Member variables
+        int _port;
+        std::string _host;
+        int _backlog;
+        size_t _maxConnections;
+
+        // socket for accepting connections
+        int _serverFd;
+
+        std::mutex _logMutex;
+
+        std::atomic<bool> _stop;
+        std::thread _thread;
+
+        std::condition_variable _conditionVariable;
+        std::mutex _conditionVariableMutex;
+
+        //
+        ConnectionStateFactory _connectionStateFactory;
+
+        // Methods
+        void run();
+        virtual void handleConnection(int fd,
+                                      std::shared_ptr<ConnectionState> connectionState) = 0;
+        virtual size_t getConnectedClientsCount() = 0;
+    };
+}

ixwebsocket/IXUrlParser.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ *  IXUrlParser.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "IXUrlParser.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    //
+    // The only difference between those 2 regex is the protocol
+    //
+    std::regex UrlParser::_httpRegex("(http|https)://([^/ :]+):?([^/ ]*)(/?[^ #?]*)\\x3f?([^ #]*)#?([^ ]*)");
+    std::regex UrlParser::_webSocketRegex("(ws|wss)://([^/ :]+):?([^/ ]*)(/?[^ #?]*)\\x3f?([^ #]*)#?([^ ]*)");
+
+    bool UrlParser::parse(const std::string& url,
+                          std::string& protocol,
+                          std::string& host,
+                          std::string& path,
+                          std::string& query,
+                          int& port,
+                          bool websocket)
+    {
+        std::cmatch what;
+        if (!regex_match(url.c_str(), what,
+                         websocket ? _webSocketRegex : _httpRegex))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        std::string portStr;
+
+        protocol = std::string(what[1].first, what[1].second);
+        host     = std::string(what[2].first, what[2].second);
+        portStr  = std::string(what[3].first, what[3].second);
+        path     = std::string(what[4].first, what[4].second);
+        query    = std::string(what[5].first, what[5].second);
+
+        if (portStr.empty())
+        {
+            if (protocol == "ws" || protocol == "http")
+            {
+                port = 80;
+            }
+            else if (protocol == "wss" || protocol == "https")
+            {
+                port = 443;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Invalid protocol. Should be caught by regex check
+                // but this missing branch trigger cpplint linter.
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << portStr;
+            ss >> port;
+        }
+
+        if (path.empty())
+        {
+            path = "/";
+        }
+        else if (path[0] != '/')
+        {
+            path = '/' + path;
+        }
+
+        if (!query.empty())
+        {
+            path += "?";
+            path += query;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void UrlParser::printUrl(const std::string& url, bool websocket)
+    {
+        std::string protocol, host, path, query;
+        int port {0};
+
+        if (!parse(url, protocol, host, path, query, port, websocket))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        std::cout << "[" << url << "]" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << protocol << std::endl;
+        std::cout << host << std::endl;
+        std::cout << port << std::endl;
+        std::cout << path << std::endl;
+        std::cout << query << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "-------------------------------" << std::endl;
+    }
+}

ixwebsocket/IXUrlParser.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ *  IXUrlParser.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <regex>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    class UrlParser
+    {
+    public:
+        static bool parse(const std::string& url,
+                          std::string& protocol,
+                          std::string& host,
+                          std::string& path,
+                          std::string& query,
+                          int& port,
+                          bool websocket);
+
+        static void printUrl(const std::string& url, bool websocket);
+
+    private:
+        static std::regex _httpRegex;
+        static std::regex _webSocketRegex;
+    };
+}

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocket.cpp

@@ -5,14 +5,15 @@
  */
 
 #include "IXWebSocket.h"
+#include "IXSetThreadName.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketHandshake.h"
 
 #include <iostream>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cassert>
 
-namespace {
+namespace
-
+{
-    // FIXME: put this in a shared location, and use it in 
     uint64_t calculateRetryWaitMilliseconds(uint64_t retry_count)
     {
         // This will overflow quite fast for large value of retry_count
@@ -24,19 +25,29 @@ namespace {
         uint64_t tenSeconds = 10 * 1000;
         return (wait_time > tenSeconds || retry_count > 10) ? tenSeconds : wait_time;
     }
-
 }
 
-namespace ix {
+namespace ix
-
+{
     OnTrafficTrackerCallback WebSocket::_onTrafficTrackerCallback = nullptr;
+    const int WebSocket::kDefaultHandShakeTimeoutSecs(60);
+    const int WebSocket::kDefaultHeartBeatPeriod(-1);
 
     WebSocket::WebSocket() :
-        _verbose(false),
         _onMessageCallback(OnMessageCallback()),
         _stop(false),
-        _automaticReconnection(true)
+        _automaticReconnection(true),
+        _handshakeTimeoutSecs(kDefaultHandShakeTimeoutSecs),
+        _heartBeatPeriod(kDefaultHeartBeatPeriod)
     {
+        _ws.setOnCloseCallback(
+            [this](uint16_t code, const std::string& reason, size_t wireSize)
+            {
+                _onMessageCallback(WebSocket_MessageType_Close, "", wireSize,
+                                   WebSocketErrorInfo(), WebSocketOpenInfo(),
+                                   WebSocketCloseInfo(code, reason));
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     WebSocket::~WebSocket()
@@ -44,12 +55,42 @@ namespace ix {
         stop();
     }
 
-    void WebSocket::configure(const std::string& url)
+    void WebSocket::setUrl(const std::string& url)
     {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_urlMutex);
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_configMutex);
         _url = url;
     }
 
+    const std::string& WebSocket::getUrl() const
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_configMutex);
+        return _url;
+    }
+
+    void WebSocket::setPerMessageDeflateOptions(const WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions& perMessageDeflateOptions)
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_configMutex);
+        _perMessageDeflateOptions = perMessageDeflateOptions;
+    }
+
+    const WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions& WebSocket::getPerMessageDeflateOptions() const
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_configMutex);
+        return _perMessageDeflateOptions;
+    }
+
+    void WebSocket::setHeartBeatPeriod(int heartBeatPeriod)
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_configMutex);
+        _heartBeatPeriod = heartBeatPeriod;
+    }
+
+    int WebSocket::getHeartBeatPeriod() const
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_configMutex);
+        return _heartBeatPeriod;
+    }
+
     void WebSocket::start()
     {
         if (_thread.joinable()) return; // we've already been started
@@ -59,13 +100,16 @@ namespace ix {
 
     void WebSocket::stop()
     {
+        bool automaticReconnection = _automaticReconnection;
+
+        // This value needs to be forced when shutting down, it is restored later
         _automaticReconnection = false;
 
         close();
 
         if (!_thread.joinable())
         {
-            _automaticReconnection = true;
+            _automaticReconnection = automaticReconnection;
             return;
         }
 
@@ -73,40 +117,47 @@ namespace ix {
         _thread.join();
         _stop = false;
 
-        _automaticReconnection = true;
+        _automaticReconnection = automaticReconnection;
     }
 
-    WebSocketInitResult WebSocket::connect()
+    WebSocketInitResult WebSocket::connect(int timeoutSecs)
     {
         {
-            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_urlMutex);
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_configMutex);
-            _ws.configure(_url);
+            _ws.configure(_perMessageDeflateOptions,
+                          _heartBeatPeriod);
         }
 
-        _ws.setOnStateChangeCallback(
+        WebSocketInitResult status = _ws.connectToUrl(_url, timeoutSecs);
-            [this](WebSocketTransport::ReadyStateValues readyStateValue)
-            {
-                if (readyStateValue == WebSocketTransport::CLOSED)
-                {
-                    _onMessageCallback(WebSocket_MessageType_Close, "", WebSocketErrorInfo());
-                }
-
-                if (_verbose)
-                {
-                    std::cout << "connection state changed -> " 
-                              << readyStateToString(getReadyState()) 
-                              << std::endl;
-                }
-            }
-        );
-
-        WebSocketInitResult status = _ws.init();
         if (!status.success)
         {
             return status;
         }
 
-        _onMessageCallback(WebSocket_MessageType_Open, "", WebSocketErrorInfo());
+        _onMessageCallback(WebSocket_MessageType_Open, "", 0,
+                           WebSocketErrorInfo(),
+                           WebSocketOpenInfo(status.uri, status.headers),
+                           WebSocketCloseInfo());
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    WebSocketInitResult WebSocket::connectToSocket(int fd, int timeoutSecs)
+    {
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_configMutex);
+            _ws.configure(_perMessageDeflateOptions, _heartBeatPeriod);
+        }
+
+        WebSocketInitResult status = _ws.connectToSocket(fd, timeoutSecs);
+        if (!status.success)
+        {
+            return status;
+        }
+
+        _onMessageCallback(WebSocket_MessageType_Open, "", 0,
+                           WebSocketErrorInfo(),
+                           WebSocketOpenInfo(status.uri, status.headers),
+                           WebSocketCloseInfo());
         return status;
     }
 
@@ -140,7 +191,7 @@ namespace ix {
                 break;
             }
 
-            status = connect();
+            status = connect(_handshakeTimeoutSecs);
 
             if (!status.success && !_stop)
             {
@@ -150,9 +201,9 @@ namespace ix {
                 connectErr.wait_time = duration.count();
                 connectErr.reason = status.errorStr;
                 connectErr.http_status = status.http_status;
-                _onMessageCallback(WebSocket_MessageType_Error, "", connectErr);
+                _onMessageCallback(WebSocket_MessageType_Error, "", 0,
-
+                                   connectErr, WebSocketOpenInfo(),
-                if (_verbose) std::cout << "Sleeping for " << duration.count() << "ms" << std::endl;
+                                   WebSocketCloseInfo());
 
                 std::this_thread::sleep_for(duration);
             }
@@ -161,6 +212,8 @@ namespace ix {
 
     void WebSocket::run()
     {
+        setThreadName(_url);
+
         while (true)
         {
             if (_stop) return;
@@ -177,12 +230,49 @@ namespace ix {
 
             // 3. Dispatch the incoming messages
             _ws.dispatch(
-                [this](const std::string& msg)
+                [this](const std::string& msg,
+                       size_t wireSize,
+                       bool decompressionError,
+                       WebSocketTransport::MessageKind messageKind)
                 {
-                    _onMessageCallback(WebSocket_MessageType_Message, msg, WebSocketErrorInfo());
+                    WebSocketMessageType webSocketMessageType;
+                    switch (messageKind)
+                    {
+                        case WebSocketTransport::MSG:
+                        {
+                            webSocketMessageType = WebSocket_MessageType_Message;
+                        } break;
+
+                        case WebSocketTransport::PING:
+                        {
+                            webSocketMessageType = WebSocket_MessageType_Ping;
+                        } break;
+
+                        case WebSocketTransport::PONG:
+                        {
+                            webSocketMessageType = WebSocket_MessageType_Pong;
+                        } break;
+
+                        case WebSocketTransport::FRAGMENT:
+                        {
+                            webSocketMessageType = WebSocket_MessageType_Fragment;
+                        } break;
+                    }
+
+                    WebSocketErrorInfo webSocketErrorInfo;
+                    webSocketErrorInfo.decompressionError = decompressionError;
+
+                    _onMessageCallback(webSocketMessageType, msg, wireSize,
+                                       webSocketErrorInfo, WebSocketOpenInfo(),
+                                       WebSocketCloseInfo());
 
                     WebSocket::invokeTrafficTrackerCallback(msg.size(), true);
                 });
+
+            // 4. In blocking mode, getting out of this function is triggered by
+            //    an explicit disconnection from the callback, or by the remote end
+            //    closing the connection, ie isConnected() == false.
+            if (!_thread.joinable() && !isConnected() && !_automaticReconnection) return;
         }
     }
 
@@ -209,9 +299,32 @@ namespace ix {
         }
     }
 
-    bool WebSocket::send(const std::string& text)
+    WebSocketSendInfo WebSocket::send(const std::string& text,
+                                      const OnProgressCallback& onProgressCallback)
     {
-        if (!isConnected()) return false;
+        return sendMessage(text, SendMessageKind::Binary, onProgressCallback);
+    }
+
+    WebSocketSendInfo WebSocket::sendText(const std::string& text,
+                                          const OnProgressCallback& onProgressCallback)
+    {
+        return sendMessage(text, SendMessageKind::Text, onProgressCallback);
+    }
+
+    WebSocketSendInfo WebSocket::ping(const std::string& text)
+    {
+        // Standard limit ping message size
+        constexpr size_t pingMaxPayloadSize = 125;
+        if (text.size() > pingMaxPayloadSize) return WebSocketSendInfo(false);
+
+        return sendMessage(text, SendMessageKind::Ping);
+    }
+
+    WebSocketSendInfo WebSocket::sendMessage(const std::string& text,
+                                             SendMessageKind sendMessageKind,
+                                             const OnProgressCallback& onProgressCallback)
+    {
+        if (!isConnected()) return WebSocketSendInfo(false);
 
         //
         // It is OK to read and write on the same socket in 2 different threads.
@@ -223,11 +336,29 @@ namespace ix {
         // incoming messages are arriving / there's data to be received.
         //
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_writeMutex);
-        _ws.sendBinary(text);
+        WebSocketSendInfo webSocketSendInfo;
 
-        WebSocket::invokeTrafficTrackerCallback(text.size(), false);
+        switch (sendMessageKind)
+        {
+            case SendMessageKind::Text:
+            {
+                webSocketSendInfo = _ws.sendText(text, onProgressCallback);
+            } break;
 
-        return true;
+            case SendMessageKind::Binary:
+            {
+                webSocketSendInfo = _ws.sendBinary(text, onProgressCallback);
+            } break;
+
+            case SendMessageKind::Ping:
+            {
+                webSocketSendInfo = _ws.sendPing(text);
+            } break;
+        }
+
+        WebSocket::invokeTrafficTrackerCallback(webSocketSendInfo.wireSize, false);
+
+        return webSocketSendInfo;
     }
 
     ReadyState WebSocket::getReadyState() const
@@ -238,6 +369,7 @@ namespace ix {
             case ix::WebSocketTransport::CONNECTING: return WebSocket_ReadyState_Connecting;
             case ix::WebSocketTransport::CLOSING: return WebSocket_ReadyState_Closing;
             case ix::WebSocketTransport::CLOSED: return WebSocket_ReadyState_Closed;
+            default: return WebSocket_ReadyState_Closed;
         }
     }
 
@@ -249,12 +381,22 @@ namespace ix {
             case WebSocket_ReadyState_Connecting: return "CONNECTING";
             case WebSocket_ReadyState_Closing: return "CLOSING";
             case WebSocket_ReadyState_Closed: return "CLOSED";
+            default: return "CLOSED";
         }
     }
 
-    const std::string& WebSocket::getUrl() const
+    void WebSocket::enableAutomaticReconnection()
     {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_urlMutex);
+        _automaticReconnection = true;
-        return _url;
+    }
+
+    void WebSocket::disableAutomaticReconnection()
+    {
+        _automaticReconnection = false;
+    }
+
+    size_t WebSocket::bufferedAmount() const
+    {
+        return _ws.bufferedAmount();
     }
 }

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocket.h

@@ -15,6 +15,11 @@
 #include <atomic>
 
 #include "IXWebSocketTransport.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketErrorInfo.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketSendInfo.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketHttpHeaders.h"
+#include "IXProgressCallback.h"
 
 namespace ix
 {
@@ -32,18 +37,47 @@ namespace ix
         WebSocket_MessageType_Message = 0,
         WebSocket_MessageType_Open = 1,
         WebSocket_MessageType_Close = 2,
-        WebSocket_MessageType_Error = 3
+        WebSocket_MessageType_Error = 3,
+        WebSocket_MessageType_Ping = 4,
+        WebSocket_MessageType_Pong = 5,
+        WebSocket_MessageType_Fragment = 6
     };
 
-    struct WebSocketErrorInfo
+    struct WebSocketOpenInfo
     {
-        uint64_t retries;
+        std::string uri;
-        double wait_time;
+        WebSocketHttpHeaders headers;
-        int http_status;
+
-        std::string reason;
+        WebSocketOpenInfo(const std::string& u = std::string(),
+                          const WebSocketHttpHeaders& h = WebSocketHttpHeaders())
+            : uri(u)
+            , headers(h)
+        {
+            ;
+        }
     };
 
-    using OnMessageCallback = std::function<void(WebSocketMessageType, const std::string&, const WebSocketErrorInfo)>;
+    struct WebSocketCloseInfo
+    {
+        uint16_t code;
+        std::string reason;
+
+        WebSocketCloseInfo(uint16_t c = 0,
+                           const std::string& r = std::string())
+            : code(c)
+            , reason(r)
+        {
+            ;
+        }
+    };
+
+    using OnMessageCallback = std::function<void(WebSocketMessageType,
+                                                 const std::string&,
+                                                 size_t wireSize,
+                                                 const WebSocketErrorInfo&,
+                                                 const WebSocketOpenInfo&,
+                                                 const WebSocketCloseInfo&)>;
+
     using OnTrafficTrackerCallback = std::function<void(size_t size, bool incoming)>;
 
     class WebSocket
@@ -52,36 +86,60 @@ namespace ix
         WebSocket();
         ~WebSocket();
 
-        void configure(const std::string& url);
+        void setUrl(const std::string& url);
+        void setPerMessageDeflateOptions(const WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions& perMessageDeflateOptions);
+        void setHandshakeTimeout(int handshakeTimeoutSecs);
+        void setHeartBeatPeriod(int heartBeatPeriod);
+
+        // Run asynchronously, by calling start and stop.
         void start();
         void stop();
-        bool send(const std::string& text);
+
+        // Run in blocking mode, by connecting first manually, and then calling run.
+        WebSocketInitResult connect(int timeoutSecs);
+        void run();
+
+        WebSocketSendInfo send(const std::string& text,
+                               const OnProgressCallback& onProgressCallback = nullptr);
+        WebSocketSendInfo sendText(const std::string& text,
+                                   const OnProgressCallback& onProgressCallback = nullptr);
+        WebSocketSendInfo ping(const std::string& text);
         void close();
 
         void setOnMessageCallback(const OnMessageCallback& callback);
         static void setTrafficTrackerCallback(const OnTrafficTrackerCallback& callback);
         static void resetTrafficTrackerCallback();
 
-        void setVerbose(bool verbose) { _verbose = verbose; }
-
-        const std::string& getUrl() const;
         ReadyState getReadyState() const;
+        const std::string& getUrl() const;
+        const WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions& getPerMessageDeflateOptions() const;
+        int getHeartBeatPeriod() const;
+        size_t bufferedAmount() const;
+
+        void enableAutomaticReconnection();
+        void disableAutomaticReconnection();
 
     private:
-        void run();
 
-        WebSocketInitResult connect();
+        WebSocketSendInfo sendMessage(const std::string& text,
+                                      SendMessageKind sendMessageKind,
+                                      const OnProgressCallback& callback = nullptr);
+
         bool isConnected() const;
         bool isClosing() const;
         void reconnectPerpetuallyIfDisconnected();
         std::string readyStateToString(ReadyState readyState);
         static void invokeTrafficTrackerCallback(size_t size, bool incoming);
 
+        // Server
+        void setSocketFileDescriptor(int fd);
+        WebSocketInitResult connectToSocket(int fd, int timeoutSecs);
+
         WebSocketTransport _ws;
 
         std::string _url;
-        mutable std::mutex _urlMutex;
+        WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions _perMessageDeflateOptions;
-        bool _verbose;
+        mutable std::mutex _configMutex; // protect all config variables access
 
         OnMessageCallback _onMessageCallback;
         static OnTrafficTrackerCallback _onTrafficTrackerCallback;
@@ -91,6 +149,13 @@ namespace ix
         std::thread _thread;
         std::mutex _writeMutex;
 
-        static int kHeartBeatPeriod;
+        std::atomic<int> _handshakeTimeoutSecs;
+        static const int kDefaultHandShakeTimeoutSecs;
+
+        // Optional Heartbeat
+        int _heartBeatPeriod;
+        static const int kDefaultHeartBeatPeriod;
+
+        friend class WebSocketServer;
     };
 }

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketErrorInfo.h

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+ *  IXWebSocketErrorInfo.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2017-2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    struct WebSocketErrorInfo
+    {
+        uint64_t retries;
+        double wait_time;
+        int http_status;
+        std::string reason;
+        bool decompressionError;
+    };
+}

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketHandshake.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+/*
+ *  IXWebSocketHandshake.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "IXWebSocketHandshake.h"
+#include "IXSocketConnect.h"
+#include "IXUrlParser.h"
+
+#include "libwshandshake.hpp"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <regex>
+#include <random>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    WebSocketHandshake::WebSocketHandshake(std::atomic<bool>& requestInitCancellation,
+                                           std::shared_ptr<Socket> socket,
+                                           WebSocketPerMessageDeflate& perMessageDeflate,
+                                           WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions& perMessageDeflateOptions,
+                                           std::atomic<bool>& enablePerMessageDeflate) :
+        _requestInitCancellation(requestInitCancellation),
+        _socket(socket),
+        _perMessageDeflate(perMessageDeflate),
+        _perMessageDeflateOptions(perMessageDeflateOptions),
+        _enablePerMessageDeflate(enablePerMessageDeflate)
+    {
+
+    }
+
+    std::string WebSocketHandshake::trim(const std::string& str)
+    {
+        std::string out(str);
+        out.erase(std::remove(out.begin(), out.end(), ' '), out.end());
+        out.erase(std::remove(out.begin(), out.end(), '\r'), out.end());
+        out.erase(std::remove(out.begin(), out.end(), '\n'), out.end());
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    bool WebSocketHandshake::insensitiveStringCompare(const std::string& a, const std::string& b)
+    {
+        return std::equal(a.begin(), a.end(),
+                          b.begin(), b.end(),
+                          [](char a, char b)
+                          {
+                              return tolower(a) == tolower(b);
+                          });
+    }
+
+    std::tuple<std::string, std::string, std::string> WebSocketHandshake::parseRequestLine(const std::string& line)
+    {
+        // Request-Line   = Method SP Request-URI SP HTTP-Version CRLF
+        std::string token;
+        std::stringstream tokenStream(line);
+        std::vector<std::string> tokens;
+
+        // Split by ' '
+        while (std::getline(tokenStream, token, ' '))
+        {
+            tokens.push_back(token);
+        }
+
+        std::string method;
+        if (tokens.size() >= 1)
+        {
+            method = trim(tokens[0]);
+        }
+
+        std::string requestUri;
+        if (tokens.size() >= 2)
+        {
+            requestUri = trim(tokens[1]);
+        }
+
+        std::string httpVersion;
+        if (tokens.size() >= 3)
+        {
+            httpVersion = trim(tokens[2]);
+        }
+
+        return std::make_tuple(method, requestUri, httpVersion);
+    }
+
+    std::string WebSocketHandshake::genRandomString(const int len)
+    {
+        std::string alphanum =
+            "0123456789"
+            "ABCDEFGH"
+            "abcdefgh";
+
+        std::random_device r;
+        std::default_random_engine e1(r());
+        std::uniform_int_distribution<int> dist(0, (int) alphanum.size() - 1);
+
+        std::string s;
+        s.resize(len);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+        {
+            int x = dist(e1);
+            s[i] = alphanum[x];
+        }
+
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    WebSocketInitResult WebSocketHandshake::sendErrorResponse(int code, const std::string& reason)
+    {
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << "HTTP/1.1 ";
+        ss << code;
+        ss << " ";
+        ss << reason;
+        ss << "\r\n";
+
+        // Socket write can only be cancelled through a timeout here, not manually.
+        static std::atomic<bool> requestInitCancellation(false);
+        auto isCancellationRequested =
+            makeCancellationRequestWithTimeout(1, requestInitCancellation);
+
+        if (!_socket->writeBytes(ss.str(), isCancellationRequested))
+        {
+            return WebSocketInitResult(false, 500, "Timed out while sending error response");
+        }
+
+        return WebSocketInitResult(false, code, reason);
+    }
+
+    WebSocketInitResult WebSocketHandshake::clientHandshake(const std::string& url,
+                                                            const std::string& host,
+                                                            const std::string& path,
+                                                            int port,
+                                                            int timeoutSecs)
+    {
+        _requestInitCancellation = false;
+
+        auto isCancellationRequested =
+            makeCancellationRequestWithTimeout(timeoutSecs, _requestInitCancellation);
+
+        std::string errMsg;
+        bool success = _socket->connect(host, port, errMsg, isCancellationRequested);
+        if (!success)
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "Unable to connect to " << host
+               << " on port " << port
+               << ", error: " << errMsg;
+            return WebSocketInitResult(false, 0, ss.str());
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Generate a random 24 bytes string which looks like it is base64 encoded
+        // y3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw==
+        // 0cb3Vd9HkbpVVumoS3Noka==
+        //
+        // See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18265128/what-is-sec-websocket-key-for
+        //
+        std::string secWebSocketKey = genRandomString(22);
+        secWebSocketKey += "==";
+
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << "GET " << path << " HTTP/1.1\r\n";
+        ss << "Host: "<< host << ":" << port << "\r\n";
+        ss << "Upgrade: websocket\r\n";
+        ss << "Connection: Upgrade\r\n";
+        ss << "Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\n";
+        ss << "Sec-WebSocket-Key: " << secWebSocketKey << "\r\n";
+
+        if (_enablePerMessageDeflate)
+        {
+            ss << _perMessageDeflateOptions.generateHeader();
+        }
+
+        ss << "\r\n";
+
+        if (!_socket->writeBytes(ss.str(), isCancellationRequested))
+        {
+            return WebSocketInitResult(false, 0, std::string("Failed sending GET request to ") + url);
+        }
+
+        // Read HTTP status line
+        auto lineResult = _socket->readLine(isCancellationRequested);
+        auto lineValid = lineResult.first;
+        auto line = lineResult.second;
+
+        if (!lineValid)
+        {
+            return WebSocketInitResult(false, 0,
+                                       std::string("Failed reading HTTP status line from ") + url);
+        }
+
+        // Validate status
+        int status;
+
+        // HTTP/1.0 is too old.
+        if (sscanf(line.c_str(), "HTTP/1.0 %d", &status) == 1)
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "Server version is HTTP/1.0. Rejecting connection to " << host
+               << ", status: " << status
+               << ", HTTP Status line: " << line;
+            return WebSocketInitResult(false, status, ss.str());
+        }
+
+        // We want an 101 HTTP status
+        if (sscanf(line.c_str(), "HTTP/1.1 %d", &status) != 1 || status != 101)
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "Got bad status connecting to " << host
+               << ", status: " << status
+               << ", HTTP Status line: " << line;
+            return WebSocketInitResult(false, status, ss.str());
+        }
+
+        auto result = parseHttpHeaders(_socket, isCancellationRequested);
+        auto headersValid = result.first;
+        auto headers = result.second;
+
+        if (!headersValid)
+        {
+            return WebSocketInitResult(false, status, "Error parsing HTTP headers");
+        }
+
+        // Check the presence of the connection field
+        if (headers.find("connection") == headers.end())
+        {
+            std::string errorMsg("Missing connection value");
+            return WebSocketInitResult(false, status, errorMsg);
+        }
+
+        // Check the value of the connection field
+        // Some websocket servers (Go/Gorilla?) send lowercase values for the
+        // connection header, so do a case insensitive comparison
+        if (!insensitiveStringCompare(headers["connection"], "Upgrade"))
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "Invalid connection value: " << headers["connection"];
+            return WebSocketInitResult(false, status, ss.str());
+        }
+
+        char output[29] = {};
+        WebSocketHandshakeKeyGen::generate(secWebSocketKey.c_str(), output);
+        if (std::string(output) != headers["sec-websocket-accept"])
+        {
+            std::string errorMsg("Invalid Sec-WebSocket-Accept value");
+            return WebSocketInitResult(false, status, errorMsg);
+        }
+
+        if (_enablePerMessageDeflate)
+        {
+            // Parse the server response. Does it support deflate ?
+            std::string header = headers["sec-websocket-extensions"];
+            WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions webSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions(header);
+
+            // If the server does not support that extension, disable it.
+            if (!webSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions.enabled())
+            {
+                _enablePerMessageDeflate = false;
+            }
+            // Otherwise try to initialize the deflate engine (zlib)
+            else if (!_perMessageDeflate.init(webSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions))
+            {
+                return WebSocketInitResult(
+                    false, 0,"Failed to initialize per message deflate engine");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return WebSocketInitResult(true, status, "", headers, path);
+    }
+
+    WebSocketInitResult WebSocketHandshake::serverHandshake(int fd, int timeoutSecs)
+    {
+        _requestInitCancellation = false;
+
+        // Set the socket to non blocking mode + other tweaks
+        SocketConnect::configure(fd);
+
+        auto isCancellationRequested =
+            makeCancellationRequestWithTimeout(timeoutSecs, _requestInitCancellation);
+
+        std::string remote = std::string("remote fd ") + std::to_string(fd);
+
+        // Read first line
+        auto lineResult = _socket->readLine(isCancellationRequested);
+        auto lineValid = lineResult.first;
+        auto line = lineResult.second;
+
+        if (!lineValid)
+        {
+            return sendErrorResponse(400, "Error reading HTTP request line");
+        }
+
+        // Validate request line (GET /foo HTTP/1.1\r\n)
+        auto requestLine = parseRequestLine(line);
+        auto method      = std::get<0>(requestLine);
+        auto uri         = std::get<1>(requestLine);
+        auto httpVersion = std::get<2>(requestLine);
+
+        if (method != "GET")
+        {
+            return sendErrorResponse(400, "Invalid HTTP method, need GET, got " + method);
+        }
+
+        if (httpVersion != "HTTP/1.1")
+        {
+            return sendErrorResponse(400, "Invalid HTTP version, need HTTP/1.1, got: " + httpVersion);
+        }
+
+        // Retrieve and validate HTTP headers
+        auto result = parseHttpHeaders(_socket, isCancellationRequested);
+        auto headersValid = result.first;
+        auto headers = result.second;
+
+        if (!headersValid)
+        {
+            return sendErrorResponse(400, "Error parsing HTTP headers");
+        }
+
+        if (headers.find("sec-websocket-key") == headers.end())
+        {
+            return sendErrorResponse(400, "Missing Sec-WebSocket-Key value");
+        }
+
+        if (headers["upgrade"] != "websocket")
+        {
+            return sendErrorResponse(400, "Invalid or missing Upgrade header");
+        }
+
+        if (headers.find("sec-websocket-version") == headers.end())
+        {
+            return sendErrorResponse(400, "Missing Sec-WebSocket-Version value");
+        }
+
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << headers["sec-websocket-version"];
+            int version;
+            ss >> version;
+
+            if (version != 13)
+            {
+                return sendErrorResponse(400, "Invalid Sec-WebSocket-Version, "
+                                              "need 13, got" + ss.str());
+            }
+        }
+
+        char output[29] = {};
+        WebSocketHandshakeKeyGen::generate(headers["sec-websocket-key"].c_str(), output);
+
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n";
+        ss << "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: " << std::string(output) << "\r\n";
+        ss << "Upgrade: websocket\r\n";
+        ss << "Connection: Upgrade\r\n";
+
+        // Parse the client headers. Does it support deflate ?
+        std::string header = headers["sec-websocket-extensions"];
+        WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions webSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions(header);
+
+        // If the client has requested that extension, enable it.
+        if (webSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions.enabled())
+        {
+            _enablePerMessageDeflate = true;
+
+            if (!_perMessageDeflate.init(webSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions))
+            {
+                return WebSocketInitResult(
+                    false, 0,"Failed to initialize per message deflate engine");
+            }
+            ss << webSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions.generateHeader();
+        }
+
+        ss << "\r\n";
+
+        if (!_socket->writeBytes(ss.str(), isCancellationRequested))
+        {
+            return WebSocketInitResult(false, 0, std::string("Failed sending response to ") + remote);
+        }
+
+        return WebSocketInitResult(true, 200, "", headers, uri);
+    }
+}

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketHandshake.h

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ *  IXWebSocketHandshake.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "IXCancellationRequest.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketHttpHeaders.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflate.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions.h"
+#include "IXSocket.h"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <memory>
+#include <tuple>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    struct WebSocketInitResult
+    {
+        bool success;
+        int http_status;
+        std::string errorStr;
+        WebSocketHttpHeaders headers;
+        std::string uri;
+
+        WebSocketInitResult(bool s = false,
+                            int status = 0,
+                            const std::string& e = std::string(),
+                            WebSocketHttpHeaders h = WebSocketHttpHeaders(),
+                            const std::string& u = std::string())
+        {
+            success = s;
+            http_status = status;
+            errorStr = e;
+            headers = h;
+            uri = u;
+        }
+    };
+
+    class WebSocketHandshake {
+    public:
+        WebSocketHandshake(std::atomic<bool>& requestInitCancellation,
+                           std::shared_ptr<Socket> _socket,
+                           WebSocketPerMessageDeflate& perMessageDeflate,
+                           WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions& perMessageDeflateOptions,
+                           std::atomic<bool>& enablePerMessageDeflate);
+
+        WebSocketInitResult clientHandshake(const std::string& url,
+                                            const std::string& host,
+                                            const std::string& path,
+                                            int port,
+                                            int timeoutSecs);
+
+        WebSocketInitResult serverHandshake(int fd,
+                                            int timeoutSecs);
+
+    private:
+        std::string genRandomString(const int len);
+
+        // Parse HTTP headers
+        WebSocketInitResult sendErrorResponse(int code, const std::string& reason);
+
+        std::tuple<std::string, std::string, std::string> parseRequestLine(const std::string& line);
+        std::string trim(const std::string& str);
+        bool insensitiveStringCompare(const std::string& a, const std::string& b);
+
+        std::atomic<bool>& _requestInitCancellation;
+        std::shared_ptr<Socket> _socket;
+        WebSocketPerMessageDeflate& _perMessageDeflate;
+        WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions& _perMessageDeflateOptions;
+        std::atomic<bool>& _enablePerMessageDeflate;
+    };
+}

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketHttpHeaders.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ *  IXWebSocketHttpHeaders.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "IXWebSocketHttpHeaders.h"
+#include "IXSocket.h"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    std::pair<bool, WebSocketHttpHeaders> parseHttpHeaders(
+        std::shared_ptr<Socket> socket,
+        const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested)
+    {
+        WebSocketHttpHeaders headers;
+
+        char line[1024];
+        int i;
+
+        while (true)
+        {
+            int colon = 0;
+
+            for (i = 0;
+                 i < 2 || (i < 1023 && line[i-2] != '\r' && line[i-1] != '\n');
+                 ++i)
+            {
+                if (!socket->readByte(line+i, isCancellationRequested))
+                {
+                    return std::make_pair(false, headers);
+                }
+
+                if (line[i] == ':' && colon == 0)
+                {
+                    colon = i;
+                }
+            }
+            if (line[0] == '\r' && line[1] == '\n')
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // line is a single header entry. split by ':', and add it to our
+            // header map. ignore lines with no colon.
+            if (colon > 0)
+            {
+                line[i] = '\0';
+                std::string lineStr(line);
+                // colon is ':', colon+1 is ' ', colon+2 is the start of the value.
+                // i is end of string (\0), i-colon is length of string minus key;
+                // subtract 1 for '\0', 1 for '\n', 1 for '\r',
+                // 1 for the ' ' after the ':', and total is -4
+                std::string name(lineStr.substr(0, colon));
+                std::string value(lineStr.substr(colon + 2, i - colon - 4));
+
+                headers[name] = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return std::make_pair(true, headers);
+    }
+}

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketHttpHeaders.h

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ *  IXWebSocketHttpHeaders.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "IXCancellationRequest.h"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    class Socket;
+
+    struct CaseInsensitiveLess
+    {
+        // Case Insensitive compare_less binary function
+        struct NocaseCompare
+        {
+            bool operator() (const unsigned char& c1, const unsigned char& c2) const
+            {
+                return std::tolower(c1) < std::tolower(c2);
+            }
+        };
+
+        bool operator() (const std::string & s1, const std::string & s2) const
+        {
+            return std::lexicographical_compare
+                (s1.begin(), s1.end(),   // source range
+                 s2.begin(), s2.end(),   // dest range
+                 NocaseCompare());  // comparison
+        }
+    };
+
+    using WebSocketHttpHeaders = std::map<std::string, std::string, CaseInsensitiveLess>;
+
+    std::pair<bool, WebSocketHttpHeaders> parseHttpHeaders(
+        std::shared_ptr<Socket> socket,
+        const CancellationRequest& isCancellationRequested);
+}

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflate.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, Peter Thorson. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the WebSocket++ Project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL PETER THORSON BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  Adapted from websocketpp/extensions/permessage_deflate/enabled.hpp
+ *  (same license as MZ: https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause)
+ *
+ *  - Reused zlib compression + decompression bits.
+ *  - Refactored to have 2 class for compression and decompression, to allow multi-threading
+ *    and make sure that _compressBuffer is not shared between threads.
+ *  - Original code wasn't working for some reason, I had to add checks
+ *    for the presence of the kEmptyUncompressedBlock at the end of buffer so that servers
+ *    would start accepting receiving/decoding compressed messages. Original code was probably
+ *    modifying the passed in buffers before processing in enabled.hpp ?
+ *  - Added more documentation.
+ *
+ *  Per message Deflate RFC: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7692
+ *  Chrome websocket -> https://github.com/chromium/chromium/tree/2ca8c5037021c9d2ecc00b787d58a31ed8fc8bcb/net/websockets
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflate.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateCodec.h"
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    WebSocketPerMessageDeflate::WebSocketPerMessageDeflate() :
+        _compressor(std::make_unique<WebSocketPerMessageDeflateCompressor>()),
+        _decompressor(std::make_unique<WebSocketPerMessageDeflateDecompressor>())
+    {
+        ;
+    }
+
+    WebSocketPerMessageDeflate::~WebSocketPerMessageDeflate()
+    {
+        ;
+    }
+
+    bool WebSocketPerMessageDeflate::init(const WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions& perMessageDeflateOptions)
+    {
+        bool clientNoContextTakeover =
+            perMessageDeflateOptions.getClientNoContextTakeover();
+
+        uint8_t deflateBits = perMessageDeflateOptions.getClientMaxWindowBits();
+        uint8_t inflateBits = perMessageDeflateOptions.getServerMaxWindowBits();
+
+        return _compressor->init(deflateBits, clientNoContextTakeover) &&
+               _decompressor->init(inflateBits, clientNoContextTakeover);
+    }
+
+    bool WebSocketPerMessageDeflate::compress(const std::string& in,
+                                              std::string& out)
+    {
+        return _compressor->compress(in, out);
+    }
+
+    bool WebSocketPerMessageDeflate::decompress(const std::string& in,
+                                                std::string &out)
+    {
+        return _decompressor->decompress(in, out);
+    }
+
+}

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflate.h

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, Peter Thorson. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the WebSocket++ Project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL PETER THORSON BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  Adapted from websocketpp/extensions/permessage_deflate/enabled.hpp
+ *  (same license as MZ: https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause)
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    class WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions;
+    class WebSocketPerMessageDeflateCompressor;
+    class WebSocketPerMessageDeflateDecompressor;
+
+    class WebSocketPerMessageDeflate
+    {
+    public:
+        WebSocketPerMessageDeflate();
+        ~WebSocketPerMessageDeflate();
+
+        bool init(const WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions& perMessageDeflateOptions);
+        bool compress(const std::string& in, std::string& out);
+        bool decompress(const std::string& in, std::string& out);
+
+    private:
+        std::unique_ptr<WebSocketPerMessageDeflateCompressor> _compressor;
+        std::unique_ptr<WebSocketPerMessageDeflateDecompressor> _decompressor;
+    };
+}

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateCodec.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+/*
+ *  IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateCodec.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018-2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateCodec.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <string.h>
+
+namespace
+{
+    // The passed in size (4) is important, without it the string litteral
+    // is treated as a char* and the null termination (\x00) makes it
+    // look like an empty string.
+    const std::string kEmptyUncompressedBlock = std::string("\x00\x00\xff\xff", 4);
+
+    const int kBufferSize = 1 << 14;
+}
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    //
+    // Compressor
+    //
+    WebSocketPerMessageDeflateCompressor::WebSocketPerMessageDeflateCompressor()
+      : _compressBufferSize(kBufferSize)
+    {
+        memset(&_deflateState, 0, sizeof(_deflateState));
+
+        _deflateState.zalloc = Z_NULL;
+        _deflateState.zfree = Z_NULL;
+        _deflateState.opaque = Z_NULL;
+    }
+
+    WebSocketPerMessageDeflateCompressor::~WebSocketPerMessageDeflateCompressor()
+    {
+        deflateEnd(&_deflateState);
+    }
+
+    bool WebSocketPerMessageDeflateCompressor::init(uint8_t deflateBits,
+                                                    bool clientNoContextTakeOver)
+    {
+        int ret = deflateInit2(
+            &_deflateState,
+            Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION,
+            Z_DEFLATED,
+            -1*deflateBits,
+            4, // memory level 1-9
+            Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY
+        );
+
+        if (ret != Z_OK) return false;
+
+        _compressBuffer = std::make_unique<unsigned char[]>(_compressBufferSize);
+
+        _flush = (clientNoContextTakeOver)
+                 ? Z_FULL_FLUSH
+                 : Z_SYNC_FLUSH;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WebSocketPerMessageDeflateCompressor::endsWith(const std::string& value,
+                                                        const std::string& ending)
+    {
+        if (ending.size() > value.size()) return false;
+        return std::equal(ending.rbegin(), ending.rend(), value.rbegin());
+    }
+
+    bool WebSocketPerMessageDeflateCompressor::compress(const std::string& in,
+                                                        std::string& out)
+    {
+        //
+        // 7.2.1.  Compression
+        //
+        //    An endpoint uses the following algorithm to compress a message.
+        //
+        //    1.  Compress all the octets of the payload of the message using
+        //        DEFLATE.
+        //
+        //    2.  If the resulting data does not end with an empty DEFLATE block
+        //        with no compression (the "BTYPE" bits are set to 00), append an
+        //        empty DEFLATE block with no compression to the tail end.
+        //
+        //    3.  Remove 4 octets (that are 0x00 0x00 0xff 0xff) from the tail end.
+        //        After this step, the last octet of the compressed data contains
+        //        (possibly part of) the DEFLATE header bits with the "BTYPE" bits
+        //        set to 00.
+        //
+        size_t output;
+
+        if (in.empty())
+        {
+            uint8_t buf[6] = {0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff};
+            out.append((char *)(buf), 6);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        _deflateState.avail_in = (uInt) in.size();
+        _deflateState.next_in = (Bytef*) in.data();
+
+        do
+        {
+            // Output to local buffer
+            _deflateState.avail_out = (uInt) _compressBufferSize;
+            _deflateState.next_out = _compressBuffer.get();
+
+            deflate(&_deflateState, _flush);
+
+            output = _compressBufferSize - _deflateState.avail_out;
+
+            out.append((char *)(_compressBuffer.get()),output);
+        } while (_deflateState.avail_out == 0);
+
+        if (endsWith(out, kEmptyUncompressedBlock))
+        {
+            out.resize(out.size() - 4);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Decompressor
+    //
+    WebSocketPerMessageDeflateDecompressor::WebSocketPerMessageDeflateDecompressor()
+      : _compressBufferSize(kBufferSize)
+    {
+        memset(&_inflateState, 0, sizeof(_inflateState));
+
+        _inflateState.zalloc = Z_NULL;
+        _inflateState.zfree = Z_NULL;
+        _inflateState.opaque = Z_NULL;
+        _inflateState.avail_in = 0;
+        _inflateState.next_in = Z_NULL;
+    }
+
+    WebSocketPerMessageDeflateDecompressor::~WebSocketPerMessageDeflateDecompressor()
+    {
+        inflateEnd(&_inflateState);
+    }
+
+    bool WebSocketPerMessageDeflateDecompressor::init(uint8_t inflateBits,
+                                                      bool clientNoContextTakeOver)
+    {
+        int ret = inflateInit2(
+            &_inflateState,
+            -1*inflateBits
+        );
+
+        if (ret != Z_OK) return false;
+
+        _compressBuffer = std::make_unique<unsigned char[]>(_compressBufferSize);
+
+        _flush = (clientNoContextTakeOver)
+                 ? Z_FULL_FLUSH
+                 : Z_SYNC_FLUSH;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WebSocketPerMessageDeflateDecompressor::decompress(const std::string& in,
+                                                            std::string& out)
+    {
+        //
+        // 7.2.2.  Decompression
+        //
+        //    An endpoint uses the following algorithm to decompress a message.
+        //
+        //    1.  Append 4 octets of 0x00 0x00 0xff 0xff to the tail end of the
+        //        payload of the message.
+        //
+        //    2.  Decompress the resulting data using DEFLATE.
+        //
+        std::string inFixed(in);
+        inFixed += kEmptyUncompressedBlock;
+
+        _inflateState.avail_in = (uInt) inFixed.size();
+        _inflateState.next_in = (unsigned char *)(const_cast<char *>(inFixed.data()));
+
+        do
+        {
+            _inflateState.avail_out = (uInt) _compressBufferSize;
+            _inflateState.next_out = _compressBuffer.get();
+
+            int ret = inflate(&_inflateState, Z_SYNC_FLUSH);
+
+            if (ret == Z_NEED_DICT || ret == Z_DATA_ERROR || ret == Z_MEM_ERROR)
+            {
+                return false; // zlib error
+            }
+
+            out.append(
+                reinterpret_cast<char *>(_compressBuffer.get()),
+                _compressBufferSize - _inflateState.avail_out
+            );
+        } while (_inflateState.avail_out == 0);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateCodec.h

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ *  IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateCodec.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018-2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "zlib.h"
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    class WebSocketPerMessageDeflateCompressor
+    {
+    public:
+        WebSocketPerMessageDeflateCompressor();
+        ~WebSocketPerMessageDeflateCompressor();
+
+        bool init(uint8_t deflateBits, bool clientNoContextTakeOver);
+        bool compress(const std::string& in, std::string& out);
+
+    private:
+        static bool endsWith(const std::string& value, const std::string& ending);
+
+        int _flush;
+        size_t _compressBufferSize;
+        std::unique_ptr<unsigned char[]> _compressBuffer;
+        z_stream _deflateState;
+    };
+
+    class WebSocketPerMessageDeflateDecompressor
+    {
+    public:
+        WebSocketPerMessageDeflateDecompressor();
+        ~WebSocketPerMessageDeflateDecompressor();
+
+        bool init(uint8_t inflateBits, bool clientNoContextTakeOver);
+        bool decompress(const std::string& in, std::string& out);
+
+    private:
+        int _flush;
+        size_t _compressBufferSize;
+        std::unique_ptr<unsigned char[]> _compressBuffer;
+        z_stream _inflateState;
+    };
+
+}
+

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/*
+ *  IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions.h"
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    /// Default values as defined in the RFC
+    const uint8_t WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions::kDefaultServerMaxWindowBits = 15;
+    static const int minServerMaxWindowBits = 8;
+    static const int maxServerMaxWindowBits = 15;
+
+    const uint8_t WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions::kDefaultClientMaxWindowBits = 15;
+    static const int minClientMaxWindowBits = 8;
+    static const int maxClientMaxWindowBits = 15;
+
+    WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions::WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions(
+        bool enabled,
+        bool clientNoContextTakeover,
+        bool serverNoContextTakeover,
+        uint8_t clientMaxWindowBits,
+        uint8_t serverMaxWindowBits)
+    {
+        _enabled = enabled;
+        _clientNoContextTakeover = clientNoContextTakeover;
+        _serverNoContextTakeover = serverNoContextTakeover;
+        _clientMaxWindowBits = clientMaxWindowBits;
+        _serverMaxWindowBits = serverMaxWindowBits;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Four extension parameters are defined for "permessage-deflate" to
+    // help endpoints manage per-connection resource usage.
+    //
+    // - "server_no_context_takeover"
+    // - "client_no_context_takeover"
+    // - "server_max_window_bits"
+    // - "client_max_window_bits"
+    //
+    // Server response could look like that:
+    //
+    // Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate; client_no_context_takeover; server_no_context_takeover
+    //
+    WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions::WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions(std::string extension)
+    {
+        extension = removeSpaces(extension);
+
+        _enabled = false;
+        _clientNoContextTakeover = false;
+        _serverNoContextTakeover = false;
+        _clientMaxWindowBits = kDefaultClientMaxWindowBits;
+        _serverMaxWindowBits = kDefaultServerMaxWindowBits;
+
+        // Split by ;
+        std::string token;
+        std::stringstream tokenStream(extension);
+
+        while (std::getline(tokenStream, token, ';'))
+        {
+            if (token == "permessage-deflate")
+            {
+                _enabled = true;
+            }
+
+            if (token == "server_no_context_takeover")
+            {
+                _serverNoContextTakeover = true;
+            }
+
+            if (token == "client_no_context_takeover")
+            {
+                _clientNoContextTakeover = true;
+            }
+
+            if (startsWith(token, "server_max_window_bits="))
+            {
+                std::string val = token.substr(token.find_last_of("=") + 1);
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                ss << val;
+                int x;
+                ss >> x;
+
+                // Sanitize values to be in the proper range [8, 15] in
+                // case a server would give us bogus values
+                _serverMaxWindowBits =
+                    std::min(maxServerMaxWindowBits,
+                        std::max(x, minServerMaxWindowBits));
+            }
+
+            if (startsWith(token, "client_max_window_bits="))
+            {
+                std::string val = token.substr(token.find_last_of("=") + 1);
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                ss << val;
+                int x;
+                ss >> x;
+
+                // Sanitize values to be in the proper range [8, 15] in
+                // case a server would give us bogus values
+                _clientMaxWindowBits =
+                    std::min(maxClientMaxWindowBits,
+                        std::max(x, minClientMaxWindowBits));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::string WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions::generateHeader()
+    {
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate";
+
+        if (_clientNoContextTakeover) ss << "; client_no_context_takeover";
+        if (_serverNoContextTakeover) ss << "; server_no_context_takeover";
+
+        ss << "; server_max_window_bits=" << _serverMaxWindowBits;
+        ss << "; client_max_window_bits=" << _clientMaxWindowBits;
+
+        ss << "\r\n";
+
+        return ss.str();
+    }
+
+    bool WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions::enabled() const
+    {
+        return _enabled;
+    }
+
+    bool WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions::getClientNoContextTakeover() const
+    {
+        return _clientNoContextTakeover;
+    }
+
+    bool WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions::getServerNoContextTakeover() const
+    {
+        return _serverNoContextTakeover;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions::getClientMaxWindowBits() const
+    {
+        return _clientMaxWindowBits;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions::getServerMaxWindowBits() const
+    {
+        return _serverMaxWindowBits;
+    }
+
+    bool WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions::startsWith(const std::string& str,
+                                                       const std::string& start)
+    {
+        return str.compare(0, start.length(), start) == 0;
+    }
+
+    std::string WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions::removeSpaces(const std::string& str)
+    {
+        std::string out(str);
+        out.erase(std::remove_if(out.begin(),
+                                 out.end(),
+                                 [](unsigned char x){ return std::isspace(x); }),
+                  out.end());
+
+        return out;
+    }
+}

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions.h

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ *  IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    class WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions
+    {
+    public:
+        WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions(
+            bool enabled = false,
+            bool clientNoContextTakeover = false,
+            bool serverNoContextTakeover = false,
+            uint8_t clientMaxWindowBits = kDefaultClientMaxWindowBits,
+            uint8_t serverMaxWindowBits = kDefaultServerMaxWindowBits);
+
+        WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions(std::string extension);
+
+        std::string generateHeader();
+        std::string parseHeader();
+        bool enabled() const;
+        bool getClientNoContextTakeover() const;
+        bool getServerNoContextTakeover() const;
+        uint8_t getServerMaxWindowBits() const;
+        uint8_t getClientMaxWindowBits() const;
+
+        static bool startsWith(const std::string& str, const std::string& start);
+        static std::string removeSpaces(const std::string& str);
+
+        static uint8_t const kDefaultClientMaxWindowBits;
+        static uint8_t const kDefaultServerMaxWindowBits;
+
+    private:
+        bool _enabled;
+        bool _clientNoContextTakeover;
+        bool _serverNoContextTakeover;
+        int _clientMaxWindowBits;
+        int _serverMaxWindowBits;
+    };
+}

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketSendInfo.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ *  IXWebSocketSendInfo.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    struct WebSocketSendInfo
+    {
+        bool success;
+        bool compressionError;
+        size_t payloadSize;
+        size_t wireSize;
+
+        WebSocketSendInfo(bool s = false, bool c = false,
+                          size_t p = 0, size_t w = 0)
+            : success(s)
+            , compressionError(c)
+            , payloadSize(p)
+            , wireSize(w)
+        {
+            ;
+        }
+    };
+}

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketServer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+ *  IXWebSocketServer.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "IXWebSocketServer.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketTransport.h"
+#include "IXWebSocket.h"
+#include "IXSocketConnect.h"
+#include "IXNetSystem.h"
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <future>
+#include <string.h>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    const int WebSocketServer::kDefaultHandShakeTimeoutSecs(3); // 3 seconds
+
+    WebSocketServer::WebSocketServer(int port,
+                                     const std::string& host,
+                                     int backlog,
+                                     size_t maxConnections,
+                                     int handshakeTimeoutSecs) : SocketServer(port, host, backlog, maxConnections),
+        _handshakeTimeoutSecs(handshakeTimeoutSecs)
+    {
+
+    }
+
+    WebSocketServer::~WebSocketServer()
+    {
+        stop();
+    }
+
+    void WebSocketServer::stop()
+    {
+        auto clients = getClients();
+        for (auto client : clients)
+        {
+            client->close();
+        }
+
+        SocketServer::stop();
+    }
+
+    void WebSocketServer::setOnConnectionCallback(const OnConnectionCallback& callback)
+    {
+        _onConnectionCallback = callback;
+    }
+
+    void WebSocketServer::handleConnection(
+        int fd,
+        std::shared_ptr<ConnectionState> connectionState)
+    {
+        auto webSocket = std::make_shared<WebSocket>();
+        _onConnectionCallback(webSocket, connectionState);
+
+        webSocket->disableAutomaticReconnection();
+
+        // Add this client to our client set
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_clientsMutex);
+            _clients.insert(webSocket);
+        }
+
+        auto status = webSocket->connectToSocket(fd, _handshakeTimeoutSecs);
+        if (status.success)
+        {
+            // Process incoming messages and execute callbacks
+            // until the connection is closed
+            webSocket->run();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "WebSocketServer::handleConnection() error: "
+               << status.http_status
+               << " error: "
+               << status.errorStr;
+            logError(ss.str());
+        }
+
+        // Remove this client from our client set
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_clientsMutex);
+            if (_clients.erase(webSocket) != 1)
+            {
+                logError("Cannot delete client");
+            }
+        }
+
+        logInfo("WebSocketServer::handleConnection() done");
+    }
+
+    std::set<std::shared_ptr<WebSocket>> WebSocketServer::getClients()
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_clientsMutex);
+        return _clients;
+    }
+
+    size_t WebSocketServer::getConnectedClientsCount()
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_clientsMutex);
+        return _clients.size();
+    }
+}

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketServer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ *  IXWebSocketServer.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <utility> // pair
+#include <string>
+#include <set>
+#include <thread>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <condition_variable>
+
+#include "IXWebSocket.h"
+#include "IXSocketServer.h"
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    using OnConnectionCallback = std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<WebSocket>,
+                                                    std::shared_ptr<ConnectionState>)>;
+
+    class WebSocketServer : public SocketServer {
+    public:
+        WebSocketServer(int port = SocketServer::kDefaultPort,
+                        const std::string& host = SocketServer::kDefaultHost,
+                        int backlog = SocketServer::kDefaultTcpBacklog,
+                        size_t maxConnections = SocketServer::kDefaultMaxConnections,
+                        int handshakeTimeoutSecs = WebSocketServer::kDefaultHandShakeTimeoutSecs);
+        virtual ~WebSocketServer();
+        virtual void stop() final;
+
+        void setOnConnectionCallback(const OnConnectionCallback& callback);
+
+        // Get all the connected clients
+        std::set<std::shared_ptr<WebSocket>> getClients();
+
+    private:
+        // Member variables
+        int _handshakeTimeoutSecs;
+
+        OnConnectionCallback _onConnectionCallback;
+
+        std::mutex _clientsMutex;
+        std::set<std::shared_ptr<WebSocket>> _clients;
+
+        const static int kDefaultHandShakeTimeoutSecs;
+
+        // Methods
+        virtual void handleConnection(int fd,
+                                      std::shared_ptr<ConnectionState> connectionState) final;
+        virtual size_t getConnectedClientsCount() final;
+    };
+}

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketTransport.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2012, 2013 <dhbaird@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
 /*
  *  IXWebSocketTransport.cpp
  *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
- *  Copyright (c) 2017-2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *  Copyright (c) 2017-2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
  */
 
 //
@@ -9,17 +33,13 @@
 //
 
 #include "IXWebSocketTransport.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketHandshake.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketHttpHeaders.h"
+#include "IXUrlParser.h"
+#include "IXSocketFactory.h"
 
-#include "IXSocket.h"
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-# include "IXSocketAppleSSL.h"
-#else
-# include "IXSocketOpenSSL.h"
-#endif
-
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <errno.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <vector>
@@ -27,15 +47,27 @@
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <sstream>
-#include <regex>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
 
 
-namespace ix {
+namespace ix
+{
+    const std::string WebSocketTransport::kHeartBeatPingMessage("ixwebsocket::heartbeat");
+    const int WebSocketTransport::kDefaultHeartBeatPeriod(-1);
+    constexpr size_t WebSocketTransport::kChunkSize;
 
     WebSocketTransport::WebSocketTransport() :
-        _readyState(CLOSED)
+        _useMask(true),
+        _readyState(CLOSED),
+        _closeCode(0),
+        _closeWireSize(0),
+        _enablePerMessageDeflate(false),
+        _requestInitCancellation(false),
+        _heartBeatPeriod(kDefaultHeartBeatPeriod),
+        _lastSendTimePoint(std::chrono::steady_clock::now())
     {
-        ;
+        _readbuf.resize(kChunkSize);
     }
 
     WebSocketTransport::~WebSocketTransport()
@@ -43,203 +75,78 @@ namespace ix {
         ;
     }
 
-    void WebSocketTransport::configure(const std::string& url)
+    void WebSocketTransport::configure(const WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions& perMessageDeflateOptions,
+                                       int heartBeatPeriod)
     {
-        _url = url;
+        _perMessageDeflateOptions = perMessageDeflateOptions;
+        _enablePerMessageDeflate = _perMessageDeflateOptions.enabled();
+        _heartBeatPeriod = heartBeatPeriod;
     }
 
-    bool WebSocketTransport::parseUrl(const std::string& url,
+    // Client
-                                      std::string& protocol,
+    WebSocketInitResult WebSocketTransport::connectToUrl(const std::string& url,
-                                      std::string& host,
+                                                         int timeoutSecs)
-                                      std::string& path,
-                                      std::string& query,
-                                      int& port)
-    {
-        std::regex ex("(ws|wss)://([^/ :]+):?([^/ ]*)(/?[^ #?]*)\\x3f?([^ #]*)#?([^ ]*)");
-        std::cmatch what;
-        if (!regex_match(url.c_str(), what, ex))
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        std::string portStr;
-
-        protocol = std::string(what[1].first, what[1].second);
-        host     = std::string(what[2].first, what[2].second);
-        portStr  = std::string(what[3].first, what[3].second);
-        path     = std::string(what[4].first, what[4].second);
-        query    = std::string(what[5].first, what[5].second);
-
-        if (portStr.empty())
-        {
-            if (protocol == "ws")
-            {
-                port = 80;
-            }
-            else if (protocol == "wss")
-            {
-                port = 443;
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            std::stringstream ss;
-            ss << portStr;
-            ss >> port;
-        }
-
-        if (path.empty())
-        {
-            path = "/";
-        }
-        else if (path[0] != '/')
-        {
-            path = '/' + path;
-        }
-
-        if (!query.empty())
-        {
-            path += "?";
-            path += query;
-        }
-
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    void WebSocketTransport::printUrl(const std::string& url)
-    {
-        std::string protocol, host, path, query;
-        int port {0};
-
-        if (!WebSocketTransport::parseUrl(url, protocol, host,
-                                          path, query, port))
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        std::cout << "[" << url << "]" << std::endl;
-        std::cout << protocol << std::endl;
-        std::cout << host << std::endl;
-        std::cout << port << std::endl;
-        std::cout << path << std::endl;
-        std::cout << query << std::endl;
-        std::cout << "-------------------------------" << std::endl;
-    }
-
-    WebSocketInitResult WebSocketTransport::init()
     {
         std::string protocol, host, path, query;
         int port;
+        bool websocket = true;
 
-        if (!WebSocketTransport::parseUrl(_url, protocol, host,
+        if (!UrlParser::parse(url, protocol, host, path, query, port, websocket))
-                                          path, query, port))
         {
-            return WebSocketInitResult(false, 0, "Could not parse URL");
+            return WebSocketInitResult(false, 0,
+                                       std::string("Could not parse URL ") + url);
         }
 
-        if (protocol == "wss")
+        bool tls = protocol == "wss";
+        std::string errorMsg;
+        _socket = createSocket(tls, errorMsg);
+
+        if (!_socket)
         {
-            _socket.reset();
+            return WebSocketInitResult(false, 0, errorMsg);
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-            _socket = std::make_shared<SocketAppleSSL>();
-#else
-            _socket = std::make_shared<SocketOpenSSL>();
-#endif
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            _socket.reset();
-            _socket = std::make_shared<Socket>();
         }
 
-        std::string errMsg;
+        WebSocketHandshake webSocketHandshake(_requestInitCancellation,
-        bool success = _socket->connect(host, port, errMsg);
+                                              _socket,
-        if (!success)
+                                              _perMessageDeflate,
-        {
+                                              _perMessageDeflateOptions,
-            std::stringstream ss;
+                                              _enablePerMessageDeflate);
-            ss << "Unable to connect to " << host
-               << " on port " << port
-               << ", error: " << errMsg;
-            return WebSocketInitResult(false, 0, ss.str());
-        }
 
-        char line[256];
+        auto result = webSocketHandshake.clientHandshake(url, host, path, port,
-        int status;
+                                                         timeoutSecs);
-        int i;
+        if (result.success)
-        snprintf(line, 256,
-            "GET %s HTTP/1.1\r\n"
-            "Host: %s:%d\r\n"
-            "Upgrade: websocket\r\n"
-            "Connection: Upgrade\r\n"
-            "Sec-WebSocket-Key: x3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw==\r\n"
-            "Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\n"
-            "\r\n",
-            path.c_str(), host.c_str(), port);
-
-        // XXX: this should be done non-blocking,
-
-        size_t lineSize = strlen(line);
-        if (_socket->send(line, lineSize) != lineSize)
         {
-            return WebSocketInitResult(false, 0, std::string("Failed sending GET request to ") + _url);
-
-        }
-
-        for (i = 0; i < 2 || (i < 255 && line[i-2] != '\r' && line[i-1] != '\n'); ++i)
-        {
-            if (_socket->recv(line+i, 1) == 0)
-            {
-                return WebSocketInitResult(false, 0, std::string("Failed reading HTTP status line from ") + _url);
-            } 
-        }
-        line[i] = 0;
-        if (i == 255)
-        {
-            return WebSocketInitResult(false, 0, std::string("Got bad status line connecting to ") + _url);
-        }
-
-        // HTTP/1.0 is too old.
-        if (sscanf(line, "HTTP/1.0 %d", &status) == 1)
-        {
-            std::stringstream ss;
-            ss << "Server version is HTTP/1.0. Rejecting connection to " << host
-               << ", status: " << status
-               << ", HTTP Status line: " << line;
-            return WebSocketInitResult(false, status, ss.str());
-        }
-
-        // We want an 101 HTTP status
-        if (sscanf(line, "HTTP/1.1 %d", &status) != 1 || status != 101)
-        {
-            std::stringstream ss;
-            ss << "Got bad status connecting to " << host
-               << ", status: " << status
-               << ", HTTP Status line: " << line;
-            return WebSocketInitResult(false, status, ss.str());
-        }
-
-        // TODO: verify response headers,
-        while (true) 
-        {
-            for (i = 0;
-                 i < 2 || (i < 255 && line[i-2] != '\r' && line[i-1] != '\n');
-                 ++i)
-            {
-                if (_socket->recv(line+i, 1) == 0)
-                {
-                    return WebSocketInitResult(false, status, std::string("Failed reading response header from ") + _url);
-                }
-            }
-            if (line[0] == '\r' && line[1] == '\n')
-            {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        _socket->configure();
             setReadyState(OPEN);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
 
-        return WebSocketInitResult(true, status, "");
+    // Server
+    WebSocketInitResult WebSocketTransport::connectToSocket(int fd, int timeoutSecs)
+    {
+        // Server should not mask the data it sends to the client
+        _useMask = false;
+
+        std::string errorMsg;
+        _socket = createSocket(fd, errorMsg);
+
+        if (!_socket)
+        {
+            return WebSocketInitResult(false, 0, errorMsg);
+        }
+
+        WebSocketHandshake webSocketHandshake(_requestInitCancellation,
+                                              _socket,
+                                              _perMessageDeflate,
+                                              _perMessageDeflateOptions,
+                                              _enablePerMessageDeflate);
+
+        auto result = webSocketHandshake.serverHandshake(fd, timeoutSecs);
+        if (result.success)
+        {
+            setReadyState(OPEN);
+        }
+        return result;
     }
 
     WebSocketTransport::ReadyStateValues WebSocketTransport::getReadyState() const
@@ -249,53 +156,115 @@ namespace ix {
 
     void WebSocketTransport::setReadyState(ReadyStateValues readyStateValue)
     {
-        _readyState = readyStateValue;
+        // No state change, return
-        _onStateChangeCallback(readyStateValue);
+        if (_readyState == readyStateValue) return;
+
+        if (readyStateValue == CLOSED)
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_closeDataMutex);
+            _onCloseCallback(_closeCode, _closeReason, _closeWireSize);
+            _closeCode = 0;
+            _closeReason = std::string();
+            _closeWireSize = 0;
         }
 
-    void WebSocketTransport::setOnStateChangeCallback(const OnStateChangeCallback& onStateChangeCallback)
+        _readyState = readyStateValue;
+    }
+
+    void WebSocketTransport::setOnCloseCallback(const OnCloseCallback& onCloseCallback)
     {
-        _onStateChangeCallback = onStateChangeCallback; 
+        _onCloseCallback = onCloseCallback;
+    }
+
+    // Only consider send time points for that computation.
+    // The receive time points is taken into account in Socket::poll (second parameter).
+    bool WebSocketTransport::heartBeatPeriodExceeded()
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_lastSendTimePointMutex);
+        auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+        return now - _lastSendTimePoint > std::chrono::seconds(_heartBeatPeriod);
     }
 
     void WebSocketTransport::poll()
     {
         _socket->poll(
-            [this]()
+            [this](PollResultType pollResult)
+            {
+                // If (1) heartbeat is enabled, and (2) no data was received or
+                // send for a duration exceeding our heart-beat period, send a
+                // ping to the server.
+                if (pollResult == PollResultType::Timeout &&
+                    heartBeatPeriodExceeded())
+                {
+                    std::stringstream ss;
+                    ss << kHeartBeatPingMessage << "::" << _heartBeatPeriod << "s";
+                    sendPing(ss.str());
+                }
+                // Make sure we send all the buffered data
+                // there can be a lot of it for large messages.
+                else if (pollResult == PollResultType::SendRequest)
+                {
+                    while (!isSendBufferEmpty() && !_requestInitCancellation)
+                    {
+                        // Wait with a 10ms timeout until the socket is ready to write.
+                        // This way we are not busy looping
+                        PollResultType result = _socket->isReadyToWrite(10);
+
+                        if (result == PollResultType::Error)
+                        {
+                            _socket->close();
+                            setReadyState(CLOSED);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        else if (result == PollResultType::ReadyForWrite)
+                        {
+                            sendOnSocket();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (pollResult == PollResultType::ReadyForRead)
                 {
                     while (true)
                     {
-                    int N = (int) _rxbuf.size();
+                        ssize_t ret = _socket->recv((char*)&_readbuf[0], _readbuf.size());
 
-                    ssize_t ret;
+                        if (ret < 0 && (_socket->getErrno() == EWOULDBLOCK ||
-                    _rxbuf.resize(N + 1500);
+                                        _socket->getErrno() == EAGAIN))
-                    ret = _socket->recv((char*)&_rxbuf[0] + N, 1500);
+                        {
-
-                    if (ret < 0 && (errno == EWOULDBLOCK || 
-                                    errno == EAGAIN)) {
-                        _rxbuf.resize(N);
                             break;
                         }
                         else if (ret <= 0)
                         {
-                        _rxbuf.resize(N);
+                            _rxbuf.clear();
-
                             _socket->close();
                             setReadyState(CLOSED);
                             break;
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                        _rxbuf.resize(N + ret);
+                            _rxbuf.insert(_rxbuf.end(),
+                                          _readbuf.begin(),
+                                          _readbuf.begin() + ret);
                         }
                     }
-
+                }
-                if (isSendBufferEmpty() && _readyState == CLOSING) 
+                else if (pollResult == PollResultType::Error)
                 {
                     _socket->close();
-                    setReadyState(CLOSED);
                 }
-            });
+                else if (pollResult == PollResultType::CloseRequest)
+                {
+                    _socket->close();
+                }
+
+                // Avoid a race condition where we get stuck in select
+                // while closing.
+                if (_readyState == CLOSING)
+                {
+                    _socket->close();
+                }
+            },
+            _heartBeatPeriod);
     }
 
     bool WebSocketTransport::isSendBufferEmpty() const
@@ -315,17 +284,24 @@ namespace ix {
         _txbuf.insert(_txbuf.end(), header.begin(), header.end());
         _txbuf.insert(_txbuf.end(), begin, end);
 
-        // Masking
+        if (_useMask)
+        {
             for (size_t i = 0; i != (size_t) message_size; ++i)
             {
                 *(_txbuf.end() - (size_t) message_size + i) ^= masking_key[i&0x3];
             }
         }
+    }
 
-    void WebSocketTransport::appendToSendBuffer(const std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer)
+    void WebSocketTransport::unmaskReceiveBuffer(const wsheader_type& ws)
     {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_txbufMutex);
+        if (ws.mask)
-        _txbuf.insert(_txbuf.end(), buffer.begin(), buffer.end());
+        {
+            for (size_t j = 0; j != ws.N; ++j)
+            {
+                _rxbuf[j+ws.header_size] ^= ws.masking_key[j&0x3];
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     //
@@ -352,12 +328,13 @@ namespace ix {
     //
     void WebSocketTransport::dispatch(const OnMessageCallback& onMessageCallback)
     {
-        // TODO: consider acquiring a lock on _rxbuf...
+        while (true)
-        while (true) {
+        {
             wsheader_type ws;
             if (_rxbuf.size() < 2) return; /* Need at least 2 */
             const uint8_t * data = (uint8_t *) &_rxbuf[0]; // peek, but don't consume
             ws.fin = (data[0] & 0x80) == 0x80;
+            ws.rsv1 = (data[0] & 0x40) == 0x40;
             ws.opcode = (wsheader_type::opcode_type) (data[0] & 0x0f);
             ws.mask = (data[1] & 0x80) == 0x80;
             ws.N0 = (data[1] & 0x7f);
@@ -428,51 +405,135 @@ namespace ix {
                 || ws.opcode == wsheader_type::BINARY_FRAME
                 || ws.opcode == wsheader_type::CONTINUATION
             ) {
-                if (ws.mask)
+                unmaskReceiveBuffer(ws);
+
+                //
+                // Usual case. Small unfragmented messages
+                //
+                if (ws.fin && _chunks.empty())
                 {
-                    for (size_t j = 0; j != ws.N; ++j)
+                    emitMessage(MSG,
+                                std::string(_rxbuf.begin()+ws.header_size,
+                                            _rxbuf.begin()+ws.header_size+(size_t) ws.N),
+                                ws,
+                                onMessageCallback);
+                }
+                else
                 {
-                        _rxbuf[j+ws.header_size] ^= ws.masking_key[j&0x3];
+                    //
-                    }
+                    // Add intermediary message to our chunk list.
-                }
+                    // We use a chunk list instead of a big buffer because resizing
-                _receivedData.insert(_receivedData.end(),
+                    // large buffer can be very costly when we need to re-allocate
-                                     _rxbuf.begin()+ws.header_size,
+                    // the internal buffer which is slow and can let the internal OS
-                                     _rxbuf.begin()+ws.header_size+(size_t)ws.N);// just feed
+                    // receive buffer fill out.
+                    //
+                    _chunks.emplace_back(
+                        std::vector<uint8_t>(_rxbuf.begin()+ws.header_size,
+                                             _rxbuf.begin()+ws.header_size+(size_t)ws.N));
                     if (ws.fin)
                     {
-                    // fire callback with a string message
+                        emitMessage(MSG, getMergedChunks(), ws, onMessageCallback);
-                    std::string stringMessage(_receivedData.begin(),
+                        _chunks.clear();
-                                              _receivedData.end());
+                    }
-                    onMessageCallback(stringMessage);
+                    else
-
+                    {
-                    _receivedData.clear();
+                        emitMessage(FRAGMENT, std::string(), ws, onMessageCallback);
+                    }
                 }
             }
             else if (ws.opcode == wsheader_type::PING)
             {
-                if (ws.mask)
+                unmaskReceiveBuffer(ws);
-                {
-                    for (size_t j = 0; j != ws.N; ++j)
-                    {
-                        _rxbuf[j+ws.header_size] ^= ws.masking_key[j&0x3];
-                    }
-                }
-
                 std::string pingData(_rxbuf.begin()+ws.header_size,
                                      _rxbuf.begin()+ws.header_size + (size_t) ws.N);
 
-                sendData(wsheader_type::PONG, pingData.size(),
+                // Reply back right away
-                         pingData.begin(), pingData.end());
+                bool compress = false;
-            }
+                sendData(wsheader_type::PONG, pingData, compress);
-            else if (ws.opcode == wsheader_type::PONG) { }
-            else if (ws.opcode == wsheader_type::CLOSE) { close(); }
-            else { close(); }
 
+                emitMessage(PING, pingData, ws, onMessageCallback);
+            }
+            else if (ws.opcode == wsheader_type::PONG)
+            {
+                unmaskReceiveBuffer(ws);
+                std::string pongData(_rxbuf.begin()+ws.header_size,
+                                     _rxbuf.begin()+ws.header_size + (size_t) ws.N);
+
+                emitMessage(PONG, pongData, ws, onMessageCallback);
+            }
+            else if (ws.opcode == wsheader_type::CLOSE)
+            {
+                unmaskReceiveBuffer(ws);
+
+                // Extract the close code first, available as the first 2 bytes
+                uint16_t code = 0;
+                code |= ((uint64_t) _rxbuf[ws.header_size])   << 8;
+                code |= ((uint64_t) _rxbuf[ws.header_size+1]) << 0;
+
+                // Get the reason.
+                std::string reason(_rxbuf.begin()+ws.header_size + 2,
+                                   _rxbuf.begin()+ws.header_size + 2 + (size_t) ws.N);
+
+                {
+                    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_closeDataMutex);
+                    _closeCode = code;
+                    _closeReason = reason;
+                    _closeWireSize = _rxbuf.size();
+                }
+
+                close();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                close();
+            }
+
+            // Erase the message that has been processed from the input/read buffer
             _rxbuf.erase(_rxbuf.begin(),
                          _rxbuf.begin() + ws.header_size + (size_t) ws.N);
         }
     }
 
+    std::string WebSocketTransport::getMergedChunks() const
+    {
+        size_t length = 0;
+        for (auto&& chunk : _chunks)
+        {
+            length += chunk.size();
+        }
+
+        std::string msg;
+        msg.reserve(length);
+
+        for (auto&& chunk : _chunks)
+        {
+            std::string str(chunk.begin(), chunk.end());
+            msg += str;
+        }
+
+        return msg;
+    }
+
+    void WebSocketTransport::emitMessage(MessageKind messageKind,
+                                         const std::string& message,
+                                         const wsheader_type& ws,
+                                         const OnMessageCallback& onMessageCallback)
+    {
+        size_t wireSize = message.size();
+
+        // When the RSV1 bit is 1 it means the message is compressed
+        if (_enablePerMessageDeflate && ws.rsv1 && messageKind != FRAGMENT)
+        {
+            std::string decompressedMessage;
+            bool success = _perMessageDeflate.decompress(message, decompressedMessage);
+            onMessageCallback(decompressedMessage, wireSize, !success, messageKind);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            onMessageCallback(message, wireSize, false, messageKind);
+        }
+    }
+
     unsigned WebSocketTransport::getRandomUnsigned()
     {
         auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
@@ -482,16 +543,109 @@ namespace ix {
         return static_cast<unsigned>(seconds);
     }
 
-    void WebSocketTransport::sendData(wsheader_type::opcode_type type, 
+    WebSocketSendInfo WebSocketTransport::sendData(
-                                      uint64_t message_size, 
+        wsheader_type::opcode_type type,
-                                      std::string::const_iterator message_begin, 
+        const std::string& message,
-                                      std::string::const_iterator message_end) 
+        bool compress,
+        const OnProgressCallback& onProgressCallback)
     {
         if (_readyState == CLOSING || _readyState == CLOSED)
         {
-            return;
+            return WebSocketSendInfo();
         }
 
+        size_t payloadSize = message.size();
+        size_t wireSize = message.size();
+        std::string compressedMessage;
+        bool compressionError = false;
+
+        std::string::const_iterator message_begin = message.begin();
+        std::string::const_iterator message_end = message.end();
+
+        if (compress)
+        {
+            if (!_perMessageDeflate.compress(message, compressedMessage))
+            {
+                bool success = false;
+                compressionError = true;
+                payloadSize = 0;
+                wireSize = 0;
+                return WebSocketSendInfo(success, compressionError, payloadSize, wireSize);
+            }
+            compressionError = false;
+            wireSize = compressedMessage.size();
+
+            message_begin = compressedMessage.begin();
+            message_end = compressedMessage.end();
+        }
+
+        // Common case for most message. No fragmentation required.
+        if (wireSize < kChunkSize)
+        {
+            sendFragment(type, true, message_begin, message_end, compress);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            //
+            // Large messages need to be fragmented
+            //
+            // Rules:
+            // First message needs to specify a proper type (BINARY or TEXT)
+            // Intermediary and last messages need to be of type CONTINUATION
+            // Last message must set the fin byte.
+            //
+            auto steps = wireSize / kChunkSize;
+
+            std::string::const_iterator begin = message_begin;
+            std::string::const_iterator end = message_end;
+
+            for (uint64_t i = 0 ; i < steps; ++i)
+            {
+                bool firstStep = i == 0;
+                bool lastStep = (i+1) == steps;
+                bool fin = lastStep;
+
+                end = begin + kChunkSize;
+                if (lastStep)
+                {
+                    end = message_end;
+                }
+
+                auto opcodeType = type;
+                if (!firstStep)
+                {
+                    opcodeType = wsheader_type::CONTINUATION;
+                }
+
+                // Send message
+                sendFragment(opcodeType, fin, begin, end, compress);
+
+                if (onProgressCallback && !onProgressCallback((int)i, (int) steps))
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                begin += kChunkSize;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Request to flush the send buffer on the background thread if it isn't empty
+        if (!isSendBufferEmpty())
+        {
+            _socket->wakeUpFromPoll(Socket::kSendRequest);
+        }
+
+        return WebSocketSendInfo(true, compressionError, payloadSize, wireSize);
+    }
+
+    void WebSocketTransport::sendFragment(wsheader_type::opcode_type type,
+                                          bool fin,
+                                          std::string::const_iterator message_begin,
+                                          std::string::const_iterator message_end,
+                                          bool compress)
+    {
+        auto message_size = message_end - message_begin;
+
         unsigned x = getRandomUnsigned();
         uint8_t masking_key[4] = {};
         masking_key[0] = (x >> 24);
@@ -502,31 +656,51 @@ namespace ix {
         std::vector<uint8_t> header;
         header.assign(2 +
                       (message_size >= 126 ? 2 : 0) +
-                      (message_size >= 65536 ? 6 : 0) + 4, 0);
+                      (message_size >= 65536 ? 6 : 0) +
-        header[0] = 0x80 | type;
+                      (_useMask ? 4 : 0), 0);
+        header[0] = type;
+
+        // The fin bit indicate that this is the last fragment. Fin is French for end.
+        if (fin)
+        {
+            header[0] |= 0x80;
+        }
+
+        // This bit indicate that the frame is compressed
+        if (compress)
+        {
+            header[0] |= 0x40;
+        }
+
         if (message_size < 126)
         {
-            header[1] = (message_size & 0xff) | 0x80;
+            header[1] = (message_size & 0xff) | (_useMask ? 0x80 : 0);
 
+            if (_useMask)
+            {
                 header[2] = masking_key[0];
                 header[3] = masking_key[1];
                 header[4] = masking_key[2];
                 header[5] = masking_key[3];
             }
+        }
         else if (message_size < 65536)
         {
-            header[1] = 126 | 0x80;
+            header[1] = 126 | (_useMask ? 0x80 : 0);
             header[2] = (message_size >> 8) & 0xff;
             header[3] = (message_size >> 0) & 0xff;
 
+            if (_useMask)
+            {
                 header[4] = masking_key[0];
                 header[5] = masking_key[1];
                 header[6] = masking_key[2];
                 header[7] = masking_key[3];
             }
+        }
         else
         { // TODO: run coverage testing here
-            header[1] = 127 | 0x80;
+            header[1] = 127 | (_useMask ? 0x80 : 0);
             header[2] = (message_size >> 56) & 0xff;
             header[3] = (message_size >> 48) & 0xff;
             header[4] = (message_size >> 40) & 0xff;
@@ -536,11 +710,14 @@ namespace ix {
             header[8] = (message_size >>  8) & 0xff;
             header[9] = (message_size >>  0) & 0xff;
 
+            if (_useMask)
+            {
                 header[10] = masking_key[0];
                 header[11] = masking_key[1];
                 header[12] = masking_key[2];
                 header[13] = masking_key[3];
             }
+        }
 
         // _txbuf will keep growing until it can be transmitted over the socket:
         appendToSendBuffer(header, message_begin, message_end,
@@ -550,15 +727,28 @@ namespace ix {
         sendOnSocket();
     }
 
-    void WebSocketTransport::sendPing()
+    WebSocketSendInfo WebSocketTransport::sendPing(const std::string& message)
     {
-        std::string empty;
+        bool compress = false;
-        sendData(wsheader_type::PING, empty.size(), empty.begin(), empty.end());
+        return sendData(wsheader_type::PING, message, compress);
     }
 
-    void WebSocketTransport::sendBinary(const std::string& message) 
+    WebSocketSendInfo WebSocketTransport::sendBinary(
+        const std::string& message,
+        const OnProgressCallback& onProgressCallback)
+
     {
-        sendData(wsheader_type::BINARY_FRAME, message.size(), message.begin(), message.end());
+        return sendData(wsheader_type::BINARY_FRAME, message,
+                        _enablePerMessageDeflate, onProgressCallback);
+    }
+
+    WebSocketSendInfo WebSocketTransport::sendText(
+        const std::string& message,
+        const OnProgressCallback& onProgressCallback)
+
+    {
+        return sendData(wsheader_type::TEXT_FRAME, message,
+                        _enablePerMessageDeflate, onProgressCallback);
     }
 
     void WebSocketTransport::sendOnSocket()
@@ -567,10 +757,10 @@ namespace ix {
 
         while (_txbuf.size())
         {
-            int ret = _socket->send((char*)&_txbuf[0], _txbuf.size());
+            ssize_t ret = _socket->send((char*)&_txbuf[0], _txbuf.size());
 
-            if (ret < 0 && (errno == EWOULDBLOCK || 
+            if (ret < 0 && (_socket->getErrno() == EWOULDBLOCK ||
-                            errno == EAGAIN))
+                            _socket->getErrno() == EAGAIN))
             {
                 break;
             }
@@ -586,20 +776,41 @@ namespace ix {
                 _txbuf.erase(_txbuf.begin(), _txbuf.begin() + ret);
             }
         }
+
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lck(_lastSendTimePointMutex);
+        _lastSendTimePoint = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
     }
 
     void WebSocketTransport::close()
     {
+        _requestInitCancellation = true;
+
         if (_readyState == CLOSING || _readyState == CLOSED) return;
 
+        // See list of close events here:
+        // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CloseEvent
+        // We use 1000: normal closure.
+        //
+        // >>> struct.pack('!H', 1000)
+        // b'\x03\xe8'
+        //
+        const std::string normalClosure = std::string("\x03\xe8");
+        bool compress = false;
+        sendData(wsheader_type::CLOSE, normalClosure, compress);
         setReadyState(CLOSING);
-        uint8_t closeFrame[6] = {0x88, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}; // last 4 bytes are a masking key
-        std::vector<uint8_t> header(closeFrame, closeFrame+6);
-        appendToSendBuffer(header);
 
-        sendOnSocket();
+        _socket->wakeUpFromPoll(Socket::kCloseRequest);
+        _socket->close();
 
-        _socket->wakeUpFromPoll();
+        _closeCode = 1000;
+        _closeReason = "Normal Closure";
+        setReadyState(CLOSED);
+    }
+
+    size_t WebSocketTransport::bufferedAmount() const
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_txbufMutex);
+        return _txbuf.size();
     }
 
 } // namespace ix

ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketTransport.h

@@ -16,31 +16,25 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <atomic>
+#include <list>
+
+#include "IXWebSocketSendInfo.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflate.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketHttpHeaders.h"
+#include "IXCancellationRequest.h"
+#include "IXWebSocketHandshake.h"
+#include "IXProgressCallback.h"
 
 namespace ix
 {
     class Socket;
 
-    struct WebSocketInitResult
+    enum class SendMessageKind
     {
-        bool success;
+        Text,
-        int http_status;
+        Binary,
-        std::string errorStr;
+        Ping
-
-        WebSocketInitResult(bool s, int h, std::string e)
-        {
-            success = s;
-            http_status = h;
-            errorStr = e;
-        }
-
-        // need to define a default
-        WebSocketInitResult()
-        {
-            success = false;
-            http_status = 0;
-            errorStr = "";
-        }
     };
 
     class WebSocketTransport
@@ -54,41 +48,53 @@ namespace ix
             OPEN
         };
 
-        using OnMessageCallback = std::function<void(const std::string&)>;
+        enum MessageKind
-        using OnStateChangeCallback = std::function<void(ReadyStateValues)>;
+        {
+            MSG,
+            PING,
+            PONG,
+            FRAGMENT
+        };
+
+        using OnMessageCallback = std::function<void(const std::string&,
+                                                     size_t,
+                                                     bool,
+                                                     MessageKind)>;
+        using OnCloseCallback = std::function<void(uint16_t,
+                                                   const std::string&,
+                                                   size_t)>;
 
         WebSocketTransport();
         ~WebSocketTransport();
 
-        void configure(const std::string& url);
+        void configure(const WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions& perMessageDeflateOptions,
-        WebSocketInitResult init();
+                       int heartBeatPeriod);
+
+        WebSocketInitResult connectToUrl(const std::string& url, // Client
+                                         int timeoutSecs);
+        WebSocketInitResult connectToSocket(int fd,              // Server
+                                            int timeoutSecs);
 
         void poll();
-        void send(const std::string& message);
+        WebSocketSendInfo sendBinary(const std::string& message,
-        void sendBinary(const std::string& message);
+                                     const OnProgressCallback& onProgressCallback);
-        void sendBinary(const std::vector<uint8_t>& message);
+        WebSocketSendInfo sendText(const std::string& message,
-        void sendPing();
+                                   const OnProgressCallback& onProgressCallback);
+        WebSocketSendInfo sendPing(const std::string& message);
         void close();
         ReadyStateValues getReadyState() const;
         void setReadyState(ReadyStateValues readyStateValue);
-        void setOnStateChangeCallback(const OnStateChangeCallback& onStateChangeCallback);
+        void setOnCloseCallback(const OnCloseCallback& onCloseCallback);
         void dispatch(const OnMessageCallback& onMessageCallback);
-
+        size_t bufferedAmount() const;
-        static void printUrl(const std::string& url);
-        static bool parseUrl(const std::string& url,
-                             std::string& protocol,
-                             std::string& host,
-                             std::string& path,
-                             std::string& query,
-                             int& port);
 
     private:
         std::string _url;
-        std::string _origin;
 
         struct wsheader_type {
             unsigned header_size;
             bool fin;
+            bool rsv1;
             bool mask;
             enum opcode_type {
                 CONTINUATION = 0x0,
@@ -103,22 +109,77 @@ namespace ix
             uint8_t masking_key[4];
         };
 
+        // Tells whether we should mask the data we send.
+        // client should mask but server should not
+        bool _useMask;
+
+        // Buffer for reading from our socket. That buffer is never resized.
+        std::vector<uint8_t> _readbuf;
+
+        // Contains all messages that were fetched in the last socket read.
+        // This could be a mix of control messages (Close, Ping, etc...) and
+        // data messages. That buffer
         std::vector<uint8_t> _rxbuf;
+
+        // Contains all messages that are waiting to be sent
         std::vector<uint8_t> _txbuf;
         mutable std::mutex _txbufMutex;
-        std::vector<uint8_t> _receivedData;
 
+        // Hold fragments for multi-fragments messages in a list. We support receiving very large
+        // messages (tested messages up to 700M) and we cannot put them in a single
+        // buffer that is resized, as this operation can be slow when a buffer has its
+        // size increased 2 fold, while appending to a list has a fixed cost.
+        std::list<std::vector<uint8_t>> _chunks;
+
+        // Fragments are 32K long
+        static constexpr size_t kChunkSize = 1 << 15;
+
+        // Underlying TCP socket
         std::shared_ptr<Socket> _socket;
 
+        // Hold the state of the connection (OPEN, CLOSED, etc...)
         std::atomic<ReadyStateValues> _readyState;
 
-        OnStateChangeCallback _onStateChangeCallback;
+        OnCloseCallback _onCloseCallback;
+        uint16_t _closeCode;
+        std::string _closeReason;
+        size_t _closeWireSize;
+        mutable std::mutex _closeDataMutex;
+
+        // Data used for Per Message Deflate compression (with zlib)
+        WebSocketPerMessageDeflate _perMessageDeflate;
+        WebSocketPerMessageDeflateOptions _perMessageDeflateOptions;
+        std::atomic<bool> _enablePerMessageDeflate;
+
+        // Used to cancel dns lookup + socket connect + http upgrade
+        std::atomic<bool> _requestInitCancellation;
+
+        // Optional Heartbeat
+        int _heartBeatPeriod;
+        static const int kDefaultHeartBeatPeriod;
+        const static std::string kHeartBeatPingMessage;
+        mutable std::mutex _lastSendTimePointMutex;
+        std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock> _lastSendTimePoint;
+
+        // No data was send through the socket for longer than the heartbeat period
+        bool heartBeatPeriodExceeded();
 
         void sendOnSocket();
-        void sendData(wsheader_type::opcode_type type, 
+        WebSocketSendInfo sendData(wsheader_type::opcode_type type,
-                      uint64_t message_size, 
+                                   const std::string& message,
-                      std::string::const_iterator message_begin, 
+                                   bool compress,
-                      std::string::const_iterator message_end);
+                                   const OnProgressCallback& onProgressCallback = nullptr);
+
+        void sendFragment(wsheader_type::opcode_type type,
+                          bool fin,
+                          std::string::const_iterator begin,
+                          std::string::const_iterator end,
+                          bool compress);
+
+        void emitMessage(MessageKind messageKind,
+                         const std::string& message,
+                         const wsheader_type& ws,
+                         const OnMessageCallback& onMessageCallback);
 
         bool isSendBufferEmpty() const;
         void appendToSendBuffer(const std::vector<uint8_t>& header,
@@ -126,8 +187,10 @@ namespace ix
                                 std::string::const_iterator end,
                                 uint64_t message_size,
                                 uint8_t masking_key[4]);
-        void appendToSendBuffer(const std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer);
 
         unsigned getRandomUnsigned();
+        void unmaskReceiveBuffer(const wsheader_type& ws);
+
+        std::string getMergedChunks() const;
     };
 }

ixwebsocket/apple/IXSetThreadName_apple.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSetThreadName_apple.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+#include "../IXSetThreadName.h"
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    void setThreadName(const std::string& name)
+    {
+        //
+        // Apple reserves 16 bytes for its thread names
+        // Notice that the Apple version of pthread_setname_np
+        // does not take a pthread_t argument
+        //
+        pthread_setname_np(name.substr(0, 63).c_str());
+    }
+}

ixwebsocket/libwshandshake.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016 Alex Hultman and contributors
+
+// This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
+// warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
+// arising from the use of this software.
+
+// Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
+// including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
+// freely, subject to the following restrictions:
+
+// 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
+//    claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
+//    in a product, an acknowledgement in the product documentation would be
+//    appreciated but is not required.
+// 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
+//    misrepresented as being the original software.
+// 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+class WebSocketHandshakeKeyGen {
+    template <int N, typename T>
+    struct static_for {
+        void operator()(uint32_t *a, uint32_t *b) {
+            static_for<N - 1, T>()(a, b);
+            T::template f<N - 1>(a, b);
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct static_for<0, T> {
+        void operator()(uint32_t * /*a*/, uint32_t * /*hash*/) {}
+    };
+
+    template <int state>
+    struct Sha1Loop {
+        static inline uint32_t rol(uint32_t value, size_t bits) {return (value << bits) | (value >> (32 - bits));}
+        static inline uint32_t blk(uint32_t b[16], size_t i) {
+            return rol(b[(i + 13) & 15] ^ b[(i + 8) & 15] ^ b[(i + 2) & 15] ^ b[i], 1);
+        }
+
+        template <int i>
+        static inline void f(uint32_t *a, uint32_t *b) {
+            switch (state) {
+            case 1:
+                a[i % 5] += ((a[(3 + i) % 5] & (a[(2 + i) % 5] ^ a[(1 + i) % 5])) ^ a[(1 + i) % 5]) + b[i] + 0x5a827999 + rol(a[(4 + i) % 5], 5);
+                a[(3 + i) % 5] = rol(a[(3 + i) % 5], 30);
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                b[i] = blk(b, i);
+                a[(1 + i) % 5] += ((a[(4 + i) % 5] & (a[(3 + i) % 5] ^ a[(2 + i) % 5])) ^ a[(2 + i) % 5]) + b[i] + 0x5a827999 + rol(a[(5 + i) % 5], 5);
+                a[(4 + i) % 5] = rol(a[(4 + i) % 5], 30);
+                break;
+            case 3:
+                b[(i + 4) % 16] = blk(b, (i + 4) % 16);
+                a[i % 5] += (a[(3 + i) % 5] ^ a[(2 + i) % 5] ^ a[(1 + i) % 5]) + b[(i + 4) % 16] + 0x6ed9eba1 + rol(a[(4 + i) % 5], 5);
+                a[(3 + i) % 5] = rol(a[(3 + i) % 5], 30);
+                break;
+            case 4:
+                b[(i + 8) % 16] = blk(b, (i + 8) % 16);
+                a[i % 5] += (((a[(3 + i) % 5] | a[(2 + i) % 5]) & a[(1 + i) % 5]) | (a[(3 + i) % 5] & a[(2 + i) % 5])) + b[(i + 8) % 16] + 0x8f1bbcdc + rol(a[(4 + i) % 5], 5);
+                a[(3 + i) % 5] = rol(a[(3 + i) % 5], 30);
+                break;
+            case 5:
+                b[(i + 12) % 16] = blk(b, (i + 12) % 16);
+                a[i % 5] += (a[(3 + i) % 5] ^ a[(2 + i) % 5] ^ a[(1 + i) % 5]) + b[(i + 12) % 16] + 0xca62c1d6 + rol(a[(4 + i) % 5], 5);
+                a[(3 + i) % 5] = rol(a[(3 + i) % 5], 30);
+                break;
+            case 6:
+                b[i] += a[4 - i];
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    static inline void sha1(uint32_t hash[5], uint32_t b[16]) {
+        uint32_t a[5] = {hash[4], hash[3], hash[2], hash[1], hash[0]};
+        static_for<16, Sha1Loop<1>>()(a, b);
+        static_for<4, Sha1Loop<2>>()(a, b);
+        static_for<20, Sha1Loop<3>>()(a, b);
+        static_for<20, Sha1Loop<4>>()(a, b);
+        static_for<20, Sha1Loop<5>>()(a, b);
+        static_for<5, Sha1Loop<6>>()(a, hash);
+    }
+
+    static inline void base64(unsigned char *src, char *dst) {
+        const char *b64 = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+        for (int i = 0; i < 18; i += 3) {
+            *dst++ = b64[(src[i] >> 2) & 63];
+            *dst++ = b64[((src[i] & 3) << 4) | ((src[i + 1] & 240) >> 4)];
+            *dst++ = b64[((src[i + 1] & 15) << 2) | ((src[i + 2] & 192) >> 6)];
+            *dst++ = b64[src[i + 2] & 63];
+        }
+        *dst++ = b64[(src[18] >> 2) & 63];
+        *dst++ = b64[((src[18] & 3) << 4) | ((src[19] & 240) >> 4)];
+        *dst++ = b64[((src[19] & 15) << 2)];
+        *dst++ = '=';
+    }
+
+public:
+    static inline void generate(const char input[24], char output[28]) {
+        uint32_t b_output[5] = {
+            0x67452301, 0xefcdab89, 0x98badcfe, 0x10325476, 0xc3d2e1f0
+        };
+        uint32_t b_input[16] = {
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x32353845, 0x41464135, 0x2d453931, 0x342d3437, 0x44412d39,
+            0x3543412d, 0x43354142, 0x30444338, 0x35423131, 0x80000000
+        };
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+            b_input[i] = (input[4 * i + 3] & 0xff) | (input[4 * i + 2] & 0xff) << 8 | (input[4 * i + 1] & 0xff) << 16 | (input[4 * i + 0] & 0xff) << 24;
+        }
+        sha1(b_output, b_input);
+        uint32_t last_b[16] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 480};
+        sha1(b_output, last_b);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+            uint32_t tmp = b_output[i];
+            char *bytes = (char *) &b_output[i];
+            bytes[3] = tmp & 0xff;
+            bytes[2] = (tmp >> 8) & 0xff;
+            bytes[1] = (tmp >> 16) & 0xff;
+            bytes[0] = (tmp >> 24) & 0xff;
+        }
+        base64((unsigned char *) b_output, output);
+    }
+};

ixwebsocket/linux/IXSetThreadName_linux.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSetThreadName_linux.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+#include "../IXSetThreadName.h"
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    void setThreadName(const std::string& name)
+    {
+        //
+        // Linux only reserves 16 bytes for its thread names
+        // See prctl and PR_SET_NAME property in
+        // http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/prctl.2.html
+        //
+        pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(),
+                           name.substr(0, 15).c_str());
+    }
+}

ixwebsocket/windows/IXSetThreadName_windows.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSetThreadName_windows.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ */
+#include "../IXSetThreadName.h"
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    void setThreadName(const std::string& name)
+    {
+        // FIXME
+        std::cerr << "setThreadName not implemented on Windows yet" << std::endl;
+    }
+}

makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#
+# This makefile is just used to easily work with docker (linux build)
+#
+all: brew
+
+install: brew
+
+brew:
+	mkdir -p build && (cd build ; cmake .. ; make -j install)
+
+.PHONY: docker
+
+NAME   := bsergean/ws
+TAG    := $(shell cat DOCKER_VERSION)
+IMG    := ${NAME}:${TAG}
+LATEST := ${NAME}:latest
+BUILD  := ${NAME}:build
+
+docker:
+	docker build -t ${IMG} .
+	docker tag ${IMG} ${BUILD}
+
+docker_push:
+	docker tag ${IMG} ${LATEST}
+	docker push ${LATEST}
+
+run:
+	docker run --cap-add sys_ptrace -it ws:latest
+
+# this is helpful to remove trailing whitespaces
+trail:
+	sh third_party/remote_trailing_whitespaces.sh
+
+build:
+	(cd examples/satori_publisher ; mkdir -p build ; cd build ; cmake .. ; make)
+	(cd examples/chat ; mkdir -p build ; cd build ; cmake .. ; make)
+	(cd examples/ping_pong ; mkdir -p build ; cd build ; cmake .. ; make)
+	(cd examples/ws_connect ; mkdir -p build ; cd build ; cmake .. ; make)
+	(cd examples/echo_server ; mkdir -p build ; cd build ; cmake .. ; make)
+	(cd examples/broadcast_server ; mkdir -p build ; cd build ; cmake .. ; make)
+
+# That target is used to start a node server, but isn't required as we have 
+# a builtin C++ server started in the unittest now
+test_server:
+	(cd test && npm i ws && node broadcast-server.js)
+
+# env TEST=Websocket_server make test
+# env TEST=Websocket_chat make test
+# env TEST=heartbeat make test
+test:
+	python test/run.py
+
+ws_test: all
+	(cd ws ; bash test_ws.sh)
+
+# For the fork that is configured with appveyor
+rebase_upstream:
+	git fetch upstream
+	git checkout master
+	git reset --hard upstream/master
+	git push origin master --force
+
+install_cmake_for_linux:
+	mkdir -p /tmp/cmake
+	(cd /tmp/cmake ; curl -L -O https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.14.0-rc4/cmake-3.14.0-rc4-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz ; tar zxf cmake-3.14.0-rc4-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz)
+
+.PHONY: test
+.PHONY: build

test/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+CMakeCache.txt
+package-lock.json
+CMakeFiles		
+ixwebsocket_unittest	
+cmake_install.cmake	
+node_modules
+ixwebsocket
+Makefile
+build

test/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#
+# Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+# Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone, Inc. All rights reserved.
+#
+cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.4.1)
+project (ixwebsocket_unittest)
+
+set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/../third_party/sanitizers-cmake/cmake" ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH})
+find_package(Sanitizers)
+
+set (CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
+
+if (NOT WIN32)
+  option(USE_TLS "Add TLS support" ON)
+endif()
+
+add_subdirectory(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/.. ixwebsocket)
+
+include_directories(
+  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/Catch2/single_include
+  ../third_party/msgpack11
+)
+
+# Shared sources
+set (SOURCES 
+  test_runner.cpp
+  IXTest.cpp
+  ../third_party/msgpack11/msgpack11.cpp
+
+  IXDNSLookupTest.cpp
+  IXSocketTest.cpp
+  IXSocketConnectTest.cpp
+)
+
+# Some unittest don't work on windows yet
+if (NOT WIN32)
+  list(APPEND SOURCES 
+    IXWebSocketServerTest.cpp
+    IXWebSocketHeartBeatTest.cpp
+    cmd_websocket_chat.cpp
+    IXWebSocketTestConnectionDisconnection.cpp
+  )
+endif()
+
+add_executable(ixwebsocket_unittest ${SOURCES})
+add_sanitizers(ixwebsocket_unittest)
+
+if (APPLE AND USE_TLS)
+    target_link_libraries(ixwebsocket_unittest "-framework foundation" "-framework security")
+endif()
+
+target_link_libraries(ixwebsocket_unittest ixwebsocket)
+install(TARGETS ixwebsocket_unittest DESTINATION bin)

test/Catch2/single_include/catch_reporter_automake.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ *  Created by Justin R. Wilson on 2/19/2017.
+ *  Copyright 2017 Justin R. Wilson. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+ *  file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+ */
+#ifndef TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_REPORTER_AUTOMAKE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_REPORTER_AUTOMAKE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// Don't #include any Catch headers here - we can assume they are already
+// included before this header.
+// This is not good practice in general but is necessary in this case so this
+// file can be distributed as a single header that works with the main
+// Catch single header.
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct AutomakeReporter : StreamingReporterBase<AutomakeReporter> {
+        AutomakeReporter( ReporterConfig const& _config )
+          :   StreamingReporterBase( _config )
+        {}
+
+        ~AutomakeReporter() override;
+
+        static std::string getDescription() {
+            return "Reports test results in the format of Automake .trs files";
+        }
+
+        void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) override {}
+
+        bool assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& /*_assertionStats*/ ) override { return true; }
+
+        void testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& _testCaseStats ) override {
+            // Possible values to emit are PASS, XFAIL, SKIP, FAIL, XPASS and ERROR.
+            stream << ":test-result: ";
+            if (_testCaseStats.totals.assertions.allPassed()) {
+                stream << "PASS";
+            } else if (_testCaseStats.totals.assertions.allOk()) {
+                stream << "XFAIL";
+            } else {
+                stream << "FAIL";
+            }
+            stream << ' ' << _testCaseStats.testInfo.name << '\n';
+            StreamingReporterBase::testCaseEnded( _testCaseStats );
+        }
+
+        void skipTest( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) override {
+            stream << ":test-result: SKIP " << testInfo.name << '\n';
+        }
+
+    };
+
+#ifdef CATCH_IMPL
+    AutomakeReporter::~AutomakeReporter() {}
+#endif
+
+    CATCH_REGISTER_REPORTER( "automake", AutomakeReporter)
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_REPORTER_AUTOMAKE_HPP_INCLUDED

test/Catch2/single_include/catch_reporter_tap.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+/*
+ *  Created by Colton Wolkins on 2015-08-15.
+ *  Copyright 2015 Martin Moene. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+ *  file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+ */
+#ifndef TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_REPORTER_TAP_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_REPORTER_TAP_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Don't #include any Catch headers here - we can assume they are already
+// included before this header.
+// This is not good practice in general but is necessary in this case so this
+// file can be distributed as a single header that works with the main
+// Catch single header.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct TAPReporter : StreamingReporterBase<TAPReporter> {
+
+        using StreamingReporterBase::StreamingReporterBase;
+
+        ~TAPReporter() override;
+
+        static std::string getDescription() {
+            return "Reports test results in TAP format, suitable for test harnesses";
+        }
+
+        ReporterPreferences getPreferences() const override {
+            ReporterPreferences prefs;
+            prefs.shouldRedirectStdOut = false;
+            return prefs;
+        }
+
+        void noMatchingTestCases( std::string const& spec ) override {
+            stream << "# No test cases matched '" << spec << "'" << std::endl;
+        }
+
+        void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) override {}
+
+        bool assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& _assertionStats ) override {
+            ++counter;
+
+            AssertionPrinter printer( stream, _assertionStats, counter );
+            printer.print();
+            stream << " # " << currentTestCaseInfo->name ;
+
+            stream << std::endl;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& _testRunStats ) override {
+            printTotals( _testRunStats.totals );
+            stream << "\n" << std::endl;
+            StreamingReporterBase::testRunEnded( _testRunStats );
+        }
+
+    private:
+        std::size_t counter = 0;
+        class AssertionPrinter {
+        public:
+            AssertionPrinter& operator= ( AssertionPrinter const& ) = delete;
+            AssertionPrinter( AssertionPrinter const& ) = delete;
+            AssertionPrinter( std::ostream& _stream, AssertionStats const& _stats, std::size_t _counter )
+            : stream( _stream )
+            , result( _stats.assertionResult )
+            , messages( _stats.infoMessages )
+            , itMessage( _stats.infoMessages.begin() )
+            , printInfoMessages( true )
+            , counter(_counter)
+            {}
+
+            void print() {
+                itMessage = messages.begin();
+
+                switch( result.getResultType() ) {
+                    case ResultWas::Ok:
+                        printResultType( passedString() );
+                        printOriginalExpression();
+                        printReconstructedExpression();
+                        if ( ! result.hasExpression() )
+                            printRemainingMessages( Colour::None );
+                        else
+                            printRemainingMessages();
+                        break;
+                    case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
+                        if (result.isOk()) {
+                            printResultType(passedString());
+                        } else {
+                            printResultType(failedString());
+                        }
+                        printOriginalExpression();
+                        printReconstructedExpression();
+                        if (result.isOk()) {
+                            printIssue(" # TODO");
+                        }
+                        printRemainingMessages();
+                        break;
+                    case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+                        printResultType( failedString() );
+                        printIssue( "unexpected exception with message:" );
+                        printMessage();
+                        printExpressionWas();
+                        printRemainingMessages();
+                        break;
+                    case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+                        printResultType( failedString() );
+                        printIssue( "fatal error condition with message:" );
+                        printMessage();
+                        printExpressionWas();
+                        printRemainingMessages();
+                        break;
+                    case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
+                        printResultType( failedString() );
+                        printIssue( "expected exception, got none" );
+                        printExpressionWas();
+                        printRemainingMessages();
+                        break;
+                    case ResultWas::Info:
+                        printResultType( "info" );
+                        printMessage();
+                        printRemainingMessages();
+                        break;
+                    case ResultWas::Warning:
+                        printResultType( "warning" );
+                        printMessage();
+                        printRemainingMessages();
+                        break;
+                    case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+                        printResultType( failedString() );
+                        printIssue( "explicitly" );
+                        printRemainingMessages( Colour::None );
+                        break;
+                    // These cases are here to prevent compiler warnings
+                    case ResultWas::Unknown:
+                    case ResultWas::FailureBit:
+                    case ResultWas::Exception:
+                        printResultType( "** internal error **" );
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+
+        private:
+            static Colour::Code dimColour() { return Colour::FileName; }
+
+            static const char* failedString() { return "not ok"; }
+            static const char* passedString() { return "ok"; }
+
+            void printSourceInfo() const {
+                Colour colourGuard( dimColour() );
+                stream << result.getSourceInfo() << ":";
+            }
+
+            void printResultType( std::string const& passOrFail ) const {
+                if( !passOrFail.empty() ) {
+                    stream << passOrFail << ' ' << counter << " -";
+                }
+            }
+
+            void printIssue( std::string const& issue ) const {
+                stream << " " << issue;
+            }
+
+            void printExpressionWas() {
+                if( result.hasExpression() ) {
+                    stream << ";";
+                    {
+                        Colour colour( dimColour() );
+                        stream << " expression was:";
+                    }
+                    printOriginalExpression();
+                }
+            }
+
+            void printOriginalExpression() const {
+                if( result.hasExpression() ) {
+                    stream << " " << result.getExpression();
+                }
+            }
+
+            void printReconstructedExpression() const {
+                if( result.hasExpandedExpression() ) {
+                    {
+                        Colour colour( dimColour() );
+                        stream << " for: ";
+                    }
+                    std::string expr = result.getExpandedExpression();
+                    std::replace( expr.begin(), expr.end(), '\n', ' ');
+                    stream << expr;
+                }
+            }
+
+            void printMessage() {
+                if ( itMessage != messages.end() ) {
+                    stream << " '" << itMessage->message << "'";
+                    ++itMessage;
+                }
+            }
+
+            void printRemainingMessages( Colour::Code colour = dimColour() ) {
+                if (itMessage == messages.end()) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // using messages.end() directly (or auto) yields compilation error:
+                std::vector<MessageInfo>::const_iterator itEnd = messages.end();
+                const std::size_t N = static_cast<std::size_t>( std::distance( itMessage, itEnd ) );
+
+                {
+                    Colour colourGuard( colour );
+                    stream << " with " << pluralise( N, "message" ) << ":";
+                }
+
+                for(; itMessage != itEnd; ) {
+                    // If this assertion is a warning ignore any INFO messages
+                    if( printInfoMessages || itMessage->type != ResultWas::Info ) {
+                        stream << " '" << itMessage->message << "'";
+                        if ( ++itMessage != itEnd ) {
+                            Colour colourGuard( dimColour() );
+                            stream << " and";
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+        private:
+            std::ostream& stream;
+            AssertionResult const& result;
+            std::vector<MessageInfo> messages;
+            std::vector<MessageInfo>::const_iterator itMessage;
+            bool printInfoMessages;
+            std::size_t counter;
+        };
+
+        void printTotals( const Totals& totals ) const {
+            if( totals.testCases.total() == 0 ) {
+                stream << "1..0 # Skipped: No tests ran.";
+            } else {
+                stream << "1.." << counter;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+#ifdef CATCH_IMPL
+    TAPReporter::~TAPReporter() {}
+#endif
+
+    CATCH_REGISTER_REPORTER( "tap", TAPReporter )
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_REPORTER_TAP_HPP_INCLUDED

test/Catch2/single_include/catch_reporter_teamcity.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+/*
+ *  Created by Phil Nash on 19th December 2014
+ *  Copyright 2014 Two Blue Cubes Ltd. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+ *  file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+ */
+#ifndef TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_REPORTER_TEAMCITY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_REPORTER_TEAMCITY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// Don't #include any Catch headers here - we can assume they are already
+// included before this header.
+// This is not good practice in general but is necessary in this case so this
+// file can be distributed as a single header that works with the main
+// Catch single header.
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#   pragma clang diagnostic push
+#   pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpadded"
+#endif
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct TeamCityReporter : StreamingReporterBase<TeamCityReporter> {
+        TeamCityReporter( ReporterConfig const& _config )
+        :   StreamingReporterBase( _config )
+        {
+            m_reporterPrefs.shouldRedirectStdOut = true;
+        }
+
+        static std::string escape( std::string const& str ) {
+            std::string escaped = str;
+            replaceInPlace( escaped, "|", "||" );
+            replaceInPlace( escaped, "'", "|'" );
+            replaceInPlace( escaped, "\n", "|n" );
+            replaceInPlace( escaped, "\r", "|r" );
+            replaceInPlace( escaped, "[", "|[" );
+            replaceInPlace( escaped, "]", "|]" );
+            return escaped;
+        }
+        ~TeamCityReporter() override;
+
+        static std::string getDescription() {
+            return "Reports test results as TeamCity service messages";
+        }
+
+        void skipTest( TestCaseInfo const& /* testInfo */ ) override {
+        }
+
+        void noMatchingTestCases( std::string const& /* spec */ ) override {}
+
+        void testGroupStarting( GroupInfo const& groupInfo ) override {
+            StreamingReporterBase::testGroupStarting( groupInfo );
+            stream << "##teamcity[testSuiteStarted name='"
+                << escape( groupInfo.name ) << "']\n";
+        }
+        void testGroupEnded( TestGroupStats const& testGroupStats ) override {
+            StreamingReporterBase::testGroupEnded( testGroupStats );
+            stream << "##teamcity[testSuiteFinished name='"
+                << escape( testGroupStats.groupInfo.name ) << "']\n";
+        }
+
+
+        void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) override {}
+
+        bool assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) override {
+            AssertionResult const& result = assertionStats.assertionResult;
+            if( !result.isOk() ) {
+
+                ReusableStringStream msg;
+                if( !m_headerPrintedForThisSection )
+                    printSectionHeader( msg.get() );
+                m_headerPrintedForThisSection = true;
+
+                msg << result.getSourceInfo() << "\n";
+
+                switch( result.getResultType() ) {
+                    case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
+                        msg << "expression failed";
+                        break;
+                    case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+                        msg << "unexpected exception";
+                        break;
+                    case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+                        msg << "fatal error condition";
+                        break;
+                    case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
+                        msg << "no exception was thrown where one was expected";
+                        break;
+                    case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+                        msg << "explicit failure";
+                        break;
+
+                    // We shouldn't get here because of the isOk() test
+                    case ResultWas::Ok:
+                    case ResultWas::Info:
+                    case ResultWas::Warning:
+                        throw std::domain_error( "Internal error in TeamCity reporter" );
+                    // These cases are here to prevent compiler warnings
+                    case ResultWas::Unknown:
+                    case ResultWas::FailureBit:
+                    case ResultWas::Exception:
+                        throw std::domain_error( "Not implemented" );
+                }
+                if( assertionStats.infoMessages.size() == 1 )
+                    msg << " with message:";
+                if( assertionStats.infoMessages.size() > 1 )
+                    msg << " with messages:";
+                for( auto const& messageInfo : assertionStats.infoMessages )
+                    msg << "\n  \"" << messageInfo.message << "\"";
+
+
+                if( result.hasExpression() ) {
+                    msg <<
+                        "\n  " << result.getExpressionInMacro() << "\n"
+                        "with expansion:\n" <<
+                        "  " << result.getExpandedExpression() << "\n";
+                }
+
+                if( currentTestCaseInfo->okToFail() ) {
+                    msg << "- failure ignore as test marked as 'ok to fail'\n";
+                    stream << "##teamcity[testIgnored"
+                           << " name='" << escape( currentTestCaseInfo->name )<< "'"
+                           << " message='" << escape( msg.str() ) << "'"
+                           << "]\n";
+                }
+                else {
+                    stream << "##teamcity[testFailed"
+                           << " name='" << escape( currentTestCaseInfo->name )<< "'"
+                           << " message='" << escape( msg.str() ) << "'"
+                           << "]\n";
+                }
+            }
+            stream.flush();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        void sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) override {
+            m_headerPrintedForThisSection = false;
+            StreamingReporterBase::sectionStarting( sectionInfo );
+        }
+
+        void testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) override {
+            m_testTimer.start();
+            StreamingReporterBase::testCaseStarting( testInfo );
+            stream << "##teamcity[testStarted name='"
+                << escape( testInfo.name ) << "']\n";
+            stream.flush();
+        }
+
+        void testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) override {
+            StreamingReporterBase::testCaseEnded( testCaseStats );
+            if( !testCaseStats.stdOut.empty() )
+                stream << "##teamcity[testStdOut name='"
+                    << escape( testCaseStats.testInfo.name )
+                    << "' out='" << escape( testCaseStats.stdOut ) << "']\n";
+            if( !testCaseStats.stdErr.empty() )
+                stream << "##teamcity[testStdErr name='"
+                    << escape( testCaseStats.testInfo.name )
+                    << "' out='" << escape( testCaseStats.stdErr ) << "']\n";
+            stream << "##teamcity[testFinished name='"
+                    << escape( testCaseStats.testInfo.name ) << "' duration='"
+                    << m_testTimer.getElapsedMilliseconds() << "']\n";
+            stream.flush();
+        }
+
+    private:
+        void printSectionHeader( std::ostream& os ) {
+            assert( !m_sectionStack.empty() );
+
+            if( m_sectionStack.size() > 1 ) {
+                os << getLineOfChars<'-'>() << "\n";
+
+                std::vector<SectionInfo>::const_iterator
+                it = m_sectionStack.begin()+1, // Skip first section (test case)
+                itEnd = m_sectionStack.end();
+                for( ; it != itEnd; ++it )
+                    printHeaderString( os, it->name );
+                os << getLineOfChars<'-'>() << "\n";
+            }
+
+            SourceLineInfo lineInfo = m_sectionStack.front().lineInfo;
+
+            if( !lineInfo.empty() )
+                os << lineInfo << "\n";
+            os << getLineOfChars<'.'>() << "\n\n";
+        }
+
+        // if string has a : in first line will set indent to follow it on
+        // subsequent lines
+        static void printHeaderString( std::ostream& os, std::string const& _string, std::size_t indent = 0 ) {
+            std::size_t i = _string.find( ": " );
+            if( i != std::string::npos )
+                i+=2;
+            else
+                i = 0;
+            os << Column( _string )
+                           .indent( indent+i)
+                           .initialIndent( indent ) << "\n";
+        }
+    private:
+        bool m_headerPrintedForThisSection = false;
+        Timer m_testTimer;
+    };
+
+#ifdef CATCH_IMPL
+    TeamCityReporter::~TeamCityReporter() {}
+#endif
+
+    CATCH_REGISTER_REPORTER( "teamcity", TeamCityReporter )
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#   pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#endif // TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_REPORTER_TEAMCITY_HPP_INCLUDED

test/IXDNSLookupTest.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ *  IXDNSLookupTest.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "catch.hpp"
+
+#include "IXTest.h"
+#include <ixwebsocket/IXDNSLookup.h>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace ix;
+
+
+TEST_CASE("dns", "[net]")
+{
+    SECTION("Test resolving a known hostname")
+    {
+        DNSLookup dnsLookup("www.google.com", 80);
+
+        std::string errMsg;
+        struct addrinfo* res;
+
+        res = dnsLookup.resolve(errMsg, [] { return false; });
+        std::cerr << "Error message: " << errMsg << std::endl;
+        REQUIRE(res != nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Test resolving a non-existing hostname")
+    {
+        DNSLookup dnsLookup("wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww", 80);
+
+        std::string errMsg;
+        struct addrinfo* res = dnsLookup.resolve(errMsg, [] { return false; });
+        std::cerr << "Error message: " << errMsg << std::endl;
+        REQUIRE(res == nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Test resolving a good hostname, with cancellation")
+    {
+        DNSLookup dnsLookup("www.google.com", 80, 1);
+
+        std::string errMsg;
+        // The callback returning true means we are requesting cancellation
+        struct addrinfo* res = dnsLookup.resolve(errMsg, [] { return true; });
+        std::cerr << "Error message: " << errMsg << std::endl;
+        REQUIRE(res == nullptr);
+    }
+}

test/IXSocketConnectTest.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSocketConnectTest.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "catch.hpp"
+
+#include "IXTest.h"
+#include <ixwebsocket/IXSocketConnect.h>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace ix;
+
+
+TEST_CASE("socket_connect", "[net]")
+{
+    SECTION("Test connecting to a known hostname")
+    {
+        std::string errMsg;
+        int fd = SocketConnect::connect("www.google.com", 80, errMsg, [] { return false; });
+        std::cerr << "Error message: " << errMsg << std::endl;
+        REQUIRE(fd != -1);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Test connecting to a non-existing hostname")
+    {
+        std::string errMsg;
+        std::string hostname("12313lhjlkjhopiupoijlkasdckljqwehrlkqjwehraospidcuaposidcasdc");
+        int fd = SocketConnect::connect(hostname, 80, errMsg, [] { return false; });
+        std::cerr << "Error message: " << errMsg << std::endl;
+        REQUIRE(fd == -1);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Test connecting to a good hostname, with cancellation")
+    {
+        std::string errMsg;
+        // The callback returning true means we are requesting cancellation
+        int fd = SocketConnect::connect("www.google.com", 80, errMsg, [] { return true; });
+        std::cerr << "Error message: " << errMsg << std::endl;
+        REQUIRE(fd == -1);
+    }
+}

test/IXSocketTest.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*
+ *  IXSocketTest.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <ixwebsocket/IXSocketFactory.h>
+#include <ixwebsocket/IXSocket.h>
+#include <ixwebsocket/IXCancellationRequest.h>
+
+#include "IXTest.h"
+#include "catch.hpp"
+#include <string.h>
+
+using namespace ix;
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    void testSocket(const std::string& host,
+                    int port,
+                    const std::string& request,
+                    std::shared_ptr<Socket> socket,
+                    int expectedStatus,
+                    int timeoutSecs)
+    {
+        std::string errMsg;
+        static std::atomic<bool> requestInitCancellation(false);
+        auto isCancellationRequested =
+            makeCancellationRequestWithTimeout(timeoutSecs, requestInitCancellation);
+
+        bool success = socket->connect(host, port, errMsg, isCancellationRequested);
+        Logger() << "errMsg: " << errMsg;
+        REQUIRE(success);
+
+        Logger() << "Sending request: " << request
+                 << "to " << host << ":" << port;
+        REQUIRE(socket->writeBytes(request, isCancellationRequested));
+
+        auto lineResult = socket->readLine(isCancellationRequested);
+        auto lineValid = lineResult.first;
+        auto line = lineResult.second;
+
+        Logger() << "read error: " << strerror(Socket::getErrno());
+
+        REQUIRE(lineValid);
+
+        int status = -1;
+        REQUIRE(sscanf(line.c_str(), "HTTP/1.1 %d", &status) == 1);
+        REQUIRE(status == expectedStatus);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("socket", "[socket]")
+{
+    SECTION("Connect to google HTTP server. Send GET request without header. Should return 200")
+    {
+        std::string errMsg;
+        bool tls = false;
+        std::shared_ptr<Socket> socket = createSocket(tls, errMsg);
+        std::string host("www.google.com");
+        int port = 80;
+
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n";
+        ss << "Host: " << host << "\r\n";
+        ss << "\r\n";
+        std::string request(ss.str());
+
+        int expectedStatus = 200;
+        int timeoutSecs = 3;
+
+        testSocket(host, port, request, socket, expectedStatus, timeoutSecs);
+    }
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__) or defined(__linux__)
+    SECTION("Connect to google HTTPS server. Send GET request without header. Should return 200")
+    {
+        std::string errMsg;
+        bool tls = true;
+        std::shared_ptr<Socket> socket = createSocket(tls, errMsg);
+        std::string host("www.google.com");
+        int port = 443;
+        std::string request("GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n");
+        int expectedStatus = 200;
+        int timeoutSecs = 3;
+
+        testSocket(host, port, request, socket, expectedStatus, timeoutSecs);
+    }
+#endif
+}

test/IXTest.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*
+ *  IXTest.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include "IXTest.h"
+#include <ixwebsocket/IXWebSocket.h>
+#include <ixwebsocket/IXNetSystem.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stack>
+#include <iomanip>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    std::atomic<size_t> incomingBytes(0);
+    std::atomic<size_t> outgoingBytes(0);
+    std::mutex Logger::_mutex;
+    std::stack<int> freePorts;
+
+    void setupWebSocketTrafficTrackerCallback()
+    {
+        ix::WebSocket::setTrafficTrackerCallback(
+            [](size_t size, bool incoming)
+            {
+                if (incoming)
+                {
+                    incomingBytes += size;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    outgoingBytes += size;
+                }
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    void reportWebSocketTraffic()
+    {
+        Logger() << incomingBytes;
+        Logger() << "Incoming bytes: " << incomingBytes;
+        Logger() << "Outgoing bytes: " << outgoingBytes;
+    }
+
+    void msleep(int ms)
+    {
+        std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli> duration(ms);
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(duration);
+    }
+
+    std::string generateSessionId()
+    {
+        auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+        auto seconds =
+            std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(
+                now.time_since_epoch()).count();
+
+        return std::to_string(seconds);
+    }
+
+    void log(const std::string& msg)
+    {
+        Logger() << msg;
+    }
+
+    int getAnyFreePortSimple()
+    {
+        static int defaultPort = 8090;
+        return defaultPort++;
+    }
+
+    int getAnyFreePort()
+    {
+        int defaultPort = 8090;
+        int sockfd;
+        if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
+        {
+            log("Cannot compute a free port. socket error.");
+            return defaultPort;
+        }
+
+        int enable = 1;
+        if (setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,
+                       (char*) &enable, sizeof(enable)) < 0)
+        {
+            log("Cannot compute a free port. setsockopt error.");
+            return defaultPort;
+        }
+
+        // Bind to port 0. This is the standard way to get a free port.
+        struct sockaddr_in server; // server address information
+        server.sin_family = AF_INET;
+        server.sin_port   = htons(0);
+        server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
+
+        if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server)) < 0)
+        {
+            log("Cannot compute a free port. bind error.");
+
+            ::close(sockfd);
+            return defaultPort;
+        }
+
+        struct sockaddr_in sa; // server address information
+        unsigned int len;
+        if (getsockname(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &sa, &len) < 0)
+        {
+            log("Cannot compute a free port. getsockname error.");
+
+            ::close(sockfd);
+            return defaultPort;
+        }
+
+        int port = ntohs(sa.sin_port);
+        ::close(sockfd);
+
+        return port;
+    }
+
+    int getFreePort()
+    {
+        while (true)
+        {
+#if defined(__has_feature)
+# if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+            int port = getAnyFreePortSimple();
+# else
+            int port = getAnyFreePort();
+# endif
+#else
+            int port = getAnyFreePort();
+#endif
+            //
+            // Only port above 1024 can be used by non root users, but for some
+            // reason I got port 7 returned with macOS when binding on port 0...
+            //
+            if (port > 1024)
+            {
+                return port;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    void hexDump(const std::string& prefix,
+                 const std::string& s)
+    {
+        std::ostringstream ss;
+        bool upper_case = false;
+
+        for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i)
+        {
+            ss << std::hex
+               << std::setfill('0')
+               << std::setw(2)
+               << (upper_case ? std::uppercase : std::nouppercase) << (int)s[i];
+        }
+
+        std::cout << prefix << ": " << s << " => " << ss.str() << std::endl;
+    }
+}

test/IXTest.h

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ *  IXTest.h
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Machine Zone. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <mutex>
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    // Sleep for ms milliseconds.
+    void msleep(int ms);
+
+    // Generate a relatively random string
+    std::string generateSessionId();
+
+    // Record and report websocket traffic
+    void setupWebSocketTrafficTrackerCallback();
+    void reportWebSocketTraffic();
+
+    struct Logger
+    {
+        public:
+            Logger& operator<<(const std::string& msg)
+            {
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_mutex);
+
+                std::cerr << msg;
+                std::cerr << std::endl;
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            template <typename T>
+            Logger& operator<<(T const& obj)
+            {
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_mutex);
+
+                std::cerr << obj;
+                std::cerr << std::endl;
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+        private:
+            static std::mutex _mutex;
+    };
+
+    void log(const std::string& msg);
+
+    bool computeFreePorts(int count);
+    int getFreePort();
+}

test/IXWebSocketHeartBeatTest.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+/*
+ *  IXWebSocketHeartBeatTest.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <queue>
+#include <ixwebsocket/IXWebSocket.h>
+#include <ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketServer.h>
+
+#include "IXTest.h"
+
+#include "catch.hpp"
+
+using namespace ix;
+
+namespace
+{
+    class WebSocketClient
+    {
+        public:
+            WebSocketClient(int port);
+
+            void subscribe(const std::string& channel);
+            void start();
+            void stop();
+            bool isReady() const;
+            void sendMessage(const std::string& text);
+
+        private:
+            ix::WebSocket _webSocket;
+            int _port;
+    };
+
+    WebSocketClient::WebSocketClient(int port)
+        : _port(port)
+    {
+        ;
+    }
+
+    bool WebSocketClient::isReady() const
+    {
+        return _webSocket.getReadyState() == ix::WebSocket_ReadyState_Open;
+    }
+
+    void WebSocketClient::stop()
+    {
+        _webSocket.stop();
+    }
+
+    void WebSocketClient::start()
+    {
+        std::string url;
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "ws://localhost:"
+               << _port
+               << "/";
+
+            url = ss.str();
+        }
+
+        _webSocket.setUrl(url);
+
+        // The important bit for this test.
+        // Set a 1 second heartbeat ; if no traffic is present on the connection for 1 second
+        // a ping message will be sent by the client.
+        _webSocket.setHeartBeatPeriod(1);
+
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        log(std::string("Connecting to url: ") + url);
+
+        _webSocket.setOnMessageCallback(
+            [](ix::WebSocketMessageType messageType,
+               const std::string& str,
+               size_t wireSize,
+               const ix::WebSocketErrorInfo& error,
+               const ix::WebSocketOpenInfo& openInfo,
+                   const ix::WebSocketCloseInfo& closeInfo)
+            {
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Open)
+                {
+                    log("client connected");
+                }
+                else if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Close)
+                {
+                    log("client disconnected");
+                }
+                else if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Error)
+                {
+                    ss << "Error ! " << error.reason;
+                    log(ss.str());
+                }
+                else if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Pong)
+                {
+                    ss << "Received pong message " << str;
+                    log(ss.str());
+                }
+                else if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Ping)
+                {
+                    ss << "Received ping message " << str;
+                    log(ss.str());
+                }
+                else if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Message)
+                {
+                    ss << "Received message " << str;
+                    log(ss.str());
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ss << "Invalid ix::WebSocketMessageType";
+                    log(ss.str());
+                }
+            });
+
+        _webSocket.start();
+    }
+
+    void WebSocketClient::sendMessage(const std::string& text)
+    {
+        _webSocket.send(text);
+    }
+
+    bool startServer(ix::WebSocketServer& server, std::atomic<int>& receivedPingMessages)
+    {
+        // A dev/null server
+        server.setOnConnectionCallback(
+            [&server, &receivedPingMessages](std::shared_ptr<ix::WebSocket> webSocket,
+                                             std::shared_ptr<ConnectionState> connectionState)
+            {
+                webSocket->setOnMessageCallback(
+                    [webSocket, connectionState, &server, &receivedPingMessages](ix::WebSocketMessageType messageType,
+                       const std::string& str,
+                       size_t wireSize,
+                       const ix::WebSocketErrorInfo& error,
+                       const ix::WebSocketOpenInfo& openInfo,
+                       const ix::WebSocketCloseInfo& closeInfo)
+                    {
+                        if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Open)
+                        {
+                            Logger() << "New server connection";
+                            Logger() << "id: " << connectionState->getId();
+                            Logger() << "Uri: " << openInfo.uri;
+                            Logger() << "Headers:";
+                            for (auto it : openInfo.headers)
+                            {
+                                Logger() << it.first << ": " << it.second;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Close)
+                        {
+                            log("Server closed connection");
+                        }
+                        else if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Ping)
+                        {
+                            log("Server received a ping");
+                            receivedPingMessages++;
+                        }
+                    }
+                );
+            }
+        );
+
+        auto res = server.listen();
+        if (!res.first)
+        {
+            log(res.second);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        server.start();
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Websocket_heartbeat", "[heartbeat]")
+{
+    SECTION("Make sure that ping messages are sent during heartbeat.")
+    {
+        ix::setupWebSocketTrafficTrackerCallback();
+
+        int port = getFreePort();
+        ix::WebSocketServer server(port);
+        std::atomic<int> serverReceivedPingMessages(0);
+        REQUIRE(startServer(server, serverReceivedPingMessages));
+
+        std::string session = ix::generateSessionId();
+        WebSocketClient webSocketClientA(port);
+        WebSocketClient webSocketClientB(port);
+
+        webSocketClientA.start();
+        webSocketClientB.start();
+
+        // Wait for all chat instance to be ready
+        while (true)
+        {
+            if (webSocketClientA.isReady() && webSocketClientB.isReady()) break;
+            ix::msleep(10);
+        }
+
+        REQUIRE(server.getClients().size() == 2);
+
+        ix::msleep(900);
+        webSocketClientB.sendMessage("hello world");
+        ix::msleep(900);
+        webSocketClientB.sendMessage("hello world");
+        ix::msleep(900);
+
+        webSocketClientA.stop();
+        webSocketClientB.stop();
+
+
+        // Here we test heart beat period exceeded for clientA
+        // but it should not be exceeded for clientB which has sent data.
+        // -> expected ping messages == 2, but add a small buffer to make this more reliable.
+        REQUIRE(serverReceivedPingMessages >= 2);
+        REQUIRE(serverReceivedPingMessages <= 4);
+
+        // Give us 500ms for the server to notice that clients went away
+        ix::msleep(500);
+        REQUIRE(server.getClients().size() == 0);
+
+        ix::reportWebSocketTraffic();
+    }
+}

test/IXWebSocketServerTest.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+/*
+ *  IXWebSocketServerTest.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 Machine Zone. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <ixwebsocket/IXSocket.h>
+#include <ixwebsocket/IXWebSocket.h>
+#include <ixwebsocket/IXWebSocketServer.h>
+#include <ixwebsocket/IXSocketFactory.h>
+
+#include "IXTest.h"
+
+#include "catch.hpp"
+
+using namespace ix;
+
+namespace ix
+{
+    // Test that we can override the connectionState impl to provide our own
+    class ConnectionStateCustom : public ConnectionState
+    {
+        void computeId()
+        {
+            // a very boring invariant id that we can test against in the unittest
+            _id = "foobarConnectionId";
+        }
+    };
+
+    bool startServer(ix::WebSocketServer& server,
+                     std::string& connectionId)
+    {
+        auto factory = []() -> std::shared_ptr<ConnectionState>
+        {
+            return std::make_shared<ConnectionStateCustom>();
+        };
+        server.setConnectionStateFactory(factory);
+
+        server.setOnConnectionCallback(
+            [&server, &connectionId](std::shared_ptr<ix::WebSocket> webSocket,
+                      std::shared_ptr<ConnectionState> connectionState)
+            {
+                webSocket->setOnMessageCallback(
+                    [webSocket, connectionState,
+                     &connectionId, &server](ix::WebSocketMessageType messageType,
+                       const std::string& str,
+                       size_t wireSize,
+                       const ix::WebSocketErrorInfo& error,
+                       const ix::WebSocketOpenInfo& openInfo,
+                       const ix::WebSocketCloseInfo& closeInfo)
+                    {
+                        if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Open)
+                        {
+                            Logger() << "New connection";
+                            connectionState->computeId();
+                            Logger() << "id: " << connectionState->getId();
+                            Logger() << "Uri: " << openInfo.uri;
+                            Logger() << "Headers:";
+                            for (auto it : openInfo.headers)
+                            {
+                                Logger() << it.first << ": " << it.second;
+                            }
+
+                            connectionId = connectionState->getId();
+                        }
+                        else if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Close)
+                        {
+                            Logger() << "Closed connection";
+                        }
+                        else if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Message)
+                        {
+                            for (auto&& client : server.getClients())
+                            {
+                                if (client != webSocket)
+                                {
+                                    client->send(str);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                );
+            }
+        );
+
+        auto res = server.listen();
+        if (!res.first)
+        {
+            Logger() << res.second;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        server.start();
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Websocket_server", "[websocket_server]")
+{
+    SECTION("Connect to the server, do not send anything. Should timeout and return 400")
+    {
+        int port = getFreePort();
+        ix::WebSocketServer server(port);
+        std::string connectionId;
+        REQUIRE(startServer(server, connectionId));
+
+        std::string errMsg;
+        bool tls = false;
+        std::shared_ptr<Socket> socket = createSocket(tls, errMsg);
+        std::string host("localhost");
+        auto isCancellationRequested = []() -> bool
+        {
+            return false;
+        };
+        bool success = socket->connect(host, port, errMsg, isCancellationRequested);
+        REQUIRE(success);
+
+        auto lineResult = socket->readLine(isCancellationRequested);
+        auto lineValid = lineResult.first;
+        auto line = lineResult.second;
+
+        int status = -1;
+        REQUIRE(sscanf(line.c_str(), "HTTP/1.1 %d", &status) == 1);
+        REQUIRE(status == 400);
+
+        // FIXME: explicitely set a client timeout larger than the server one (3)
+
+        // Give us 500ms for the server to notice that clients went away
+        ix::msleep(500);
+        server.stop();
+        REQUIRE(server.getClients().size() == 0);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Connect to the server. Send GET request without header. Should return 400")
+    {
+        int port = getFreePort();
+        ix::WebSocketServer server(port);
+        std::string connectionId;
+        REQUIRE(startServer(server, connectionId));
+
+        std::string errMsg;
+        bool tls = false;
+        std::shared_ptr<Socket> socket = createSocket(tls, errMsg);
+        std::string host("localhost");
+        auto isCancellationRequested = []() -> bool
+        {
+            return false;
+        };
+        bool success = socket->connect(host, port, errMsg, isCancellationRequested);
+        REQUIRE(success);
+
+        Logger() << "writeBytes";
+        socket->writeBytes("GET /\r\n", isCancellationRequested);
+
+        auto lineResult = socket->readLine(isCancellationRequested);
+        auto lineValid = lineResult.first;
+        auto line = lineResult.second;
+
+        int status = -1;
+        REQUIRE(sscanf(line.c_str(), "HTTP/1.1 %d", &status) == 1);
+        REQUIRE(status == 400);
+
+        // FIXME: explicitely set a client timeout larger than the server one (3)
+
+        // Give us 500ms for the server to notice that clients went away
+        ix::msleep(500);
+        server.stop();
+        REQUIRE(server.getClients().size() == 0);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Connect to the server. Send GET request with correct header")
+    {
+        int port = getFreePort();
+        ix::WebSocketServer server(port);
+        std::string connectionId;
+        REQUIRE(startServer(server, connectionId));
+
+        std::string errMsg;
+        bool tls = false;
+        std::shared_ptr<Socket> socket = createSocket(tls, errMsg);
+        std::string host("localhost");
+        auto isCancellationRequested = []() -> bool
+        {
+            return false;
+        };
+        bool success = socket->connect(host, port, errMsg, isCancellationRequested);
+        REQUIRE(success);
+
+        socket->writeBytes("GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+                           "Upgrade: websocket\r\n"
+                           "Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\n"
+                           "Sec-WebSocket-Key: foobar\r\n"
+                           "\r\n",
+                           isCancellationRequested);
+
+        auto lineResult = socket->readLine(isCancellationRequested);
+        auto lineValid = lineResult.first;
+        auto line = lineResult.second;
+
+        int status = -1;
+        REQUIRE(sscanf(line.c_str(), "HTTP/1.1 %d", &status) == 1);
+        REQUIRE(status == 101);
+
+        // Give us 500ms for the server to notice that clients went away
+        ix::msleep(500);
+
+        REQUIRE(connectionId == "foobarConnectionId");
+
+        server.stop();
+        REQUIRE(server.getClients().size() == 0);
+    }
+}

test/IXWebSocketTestConnectionDisconnection.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/*
+ *  IXWebSocketTestConnectionDisconnection.cpp
+ *  Author: Benjamin Sergeant
+ *  Copyright (c) 2017 Machine Zone. All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <set>
+#include <ixwebsocket/IXWebSocket.h>
+#include "IXTest.h"
+
+#include "catch.hpp"
+
+using namespace ix;
+
+namespace
+{
+    const std::string WEBSOCKET_DOT_ORG_URL("wss://echo.websocket.org");
+    const std::string GOOGLE_URL("wss://google.com");
+    const std::string UNKNOWN_URL("wss://asdcasdcaasdcasdcasdcasdcasdcasdcasassdd.com");
+}
+
+namespace
+{
+    class IXWebSocketTestConnectionDisconnection
+    {
+        public:
+            IXWebSocketTestConnectionDisconnection();
+            void start(const std::string& url);
+            void stop();
+
+        private:
+            ix::WebSocket _webSocket;
+    };
+
+    IXWebSocketTestConnectionDisconnection::IXWebSocketTestConnectionDisconnection()
+    {
+        ;
+    }
+
+    void IXWebSocketTestConnectionDisconnection::stop()
+    {
+        _webSocket.stop();
+    }
+
+    void IXWebSocketTestConnectionDisconnection::start(const std::string& url)
+    {
+        _webSocket.setUrl(url);
+
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        log(std::string("Connecting to url: ") + url);
+
+        _webSocket.setOnMessageCallback(
+            [](ix::WebSocketMessageType messageType,
+               const std::string& str,
+               size_t wireSize,
+               const ix::WebSocketErrorInfo& error,
+               const ix::WebSocketOpenInfo& openInfo,
+               const ix::WebSocketCloseInfo& closeInfo)
+            {
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Open)
+                {
+                    log("cmd_websocket_satori_chat: connected !");
+                }
+                else if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Close)
+                {
+                    log("cmd_websocket_satori_chat: disconnected !");
+                }
+                else if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Error)
+                {
+                    log("cmd_websocket_satori_chat: Error!");
+                }
+                else if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Message)
+                {
+                    log("cmd_websocket_satori_chat: received message.!");
+                }
+                else if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Ping)
+                {
+                    log("cmd_websocket_satori_chat: received ping message.!");
+                }
+                else if (messageType == ix::WebSocket_MessageType_Pong)
+                {
+                    log("cmd_websocket_satori_chat: received pong message.!");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    log("Invalid ix::WebSocketMessageType");
+                }
+            });
+
+        // Start the connection
+        _webSocket.start();
+    }
+}
+
+//
+// We try to connect to different servers, and make sure there are no crashes.
+// FIXME: We could do more checks (make sure that we were not able to connect to unknown servers, etc...)
+//
+TEST_CASE("websocket_connections", "[websocket]")
+{
+    SECTION("Try to connect to invalid servers.")
+    {
+        IXWebSocketTestConnectionDisconnection chatA;
+
+        chatA.start(GOOGLE_URL);
+        ix::msleep(1000);
+        chatA.stop();
+
+        chatA.start(UNKNOWN_URL);
+        ix::msleep(1000);
+        chatA.stop();
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Try to connect and disconnect with different timing.")
+    {
+        IXWebSocketTestConnectionDisconnection chatA;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 50; ++i)
+        {
+            log(std::string("Run: ") + std::to_string(i));
+            chatA.start(WEBSOCKET_DOT_ORG_URL);
+            ix::msleep(i);
+            chatA.stop();
+        }
+    }
+}